本文選題：超導(dǎo)限流器 + 超導(dǎo)電纜　； 參考：《東南大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國智能電網(wǎng)的飛速發(fā)展,新設(shè)備和新技術(shù)的應(yīng)用日新月異。超導(dǎo)限流器、超導(dǎo)電纜作為新設(shè)備的標(biāo)桿在國家電網(wǎng)已有了示范應(yīng)用,在穩(wěn)態(tài)運行時能有效提高電網(wǎng)運行的經(jīng)濟性,在故障時能降低短路容量提高電網(wǎng)運行的安全性。分布式電源作為可再生能源重要的應(yīng)用途徑目前處于全面建設(shè)階段,促進了低碳電力系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展。高級量測技術(shù)是智能電網(wǎng)的基礎(chǔ)技術(shù),其中光纖傳感技術(shù)具有抗電磁干擾能力強、損耗低、傳輸頻帶范圍寬等優(yōu)點,在電力系統(tǒng)信息測量領(lǐng)域取得了比較好的應(yīng)用效果。通信技術(shù)是智能電網(wǎng)的基礎(chǔ),我國具有完全自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航通信系統(tǒng),可以在農(nóng)村電力系統(tǒng)信息監(jiān)控、電力線路巡監(jiān)系統(tǒng)等領(lǐng)域具有良好的應(yīng)用前景。智能電網(wǎng)環(huán)境下新設(shè)備和新技術(shù)的應(yīng)用對電網(wǎng)運行提出了新的挑戰(zhàn)。電力系統(tǒng)繼電保護是電力系統(tǒng)安全運行的重要保障。超導(dǎo)限流器、超導(dǎo)電纜作為智能電網(wǎng)應(yīng)用的新設(shè)備,在給電網(wǎng)運行帶來優(yōu)點的同時,也對電力系統(tǒng)常規(guī)繼電保護產(chǎn)生了重要影響,比如由于超導(dǎo)電纜的特殊電氣特性導(dǎo)致保護誤動和拒動。分布式能源接入配電網(wǎng)是綠色能源的主要應(yīng)用形式,使得配電網(wǎng)成為多源配電網(wǎng),原有的配電網(wǎng)電流保護和距離保護已經(jīng)不能適應(yīng)多源配電網(wǎng)安全運行要求,需要尋求新的解決手段。光纖傳感新技術(shù)需要適應(yīng)和滿足電力系統(tǒng)設(shè)備保護所需信息的特殊性,比如抗干擾能力強、測量精度高、實時性要求高等特點。北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航新技術(shù)信息傳送能力不夠強,而電力系統(tǒng)保護和監(jiān)測需要大量信息,如何將兩者特性進行有效融合,是北斗在電力系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用需要解決的重要問題。論文以智能電網(wǎng)環(huán)境下新設(shè)備和新技術(shù)的應(yīng)用為背景,以電力系統(tǒng)保護為關(guān)鍵點,開展了以下研究工作：1、針對超導(dǎo)限流器、超導(dǎo)電纜新設(shè)備,研究了新設(shè)備投入電網(wǎng)運行時對電流保護的影響,并提出了可行的整定配置方法。論文首先從理論角度討論了超導(dǎo)電纜和超導(dǎo)限流器在分別投入到線路對三段式電流保護和零序電流保護的影響；然后在超導(dǎo)電纜和超導(dǎo)限流器聯(lián)合投入后分析了對三段式電流保護的影響,得到一般情況下限時速斷保護需要重新整定、定時限過電流保護影響很小的結(jié)論,并研究了三段式電流整定方法。隨后又分析了對于零序電流保護的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)聯(lián)合投入后改變了線路零序網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu),使得零序電流保護的Ⅰ段、Ⅱ段保護的保護范圍減少,需要對其動作整定值重新整定,并研究了零序電流保護整定方法。2、針對超導(dǎo)限流器、超導(dǎo)電纜聯(lián)合投入,研究了其對距離保護的影響,并提出了可行的整定配置方法。論文首先對于三段式距離保護發(fā)現(xiàn)由于超導(dǎo)電纜的單位電容較大,超導(dǎo)限流器其電阻較大,其阻抗特性與常規(guī)線路的阻抗特性不同,會導(dǎo)致距離Ⅰ段、Ⅱ段保護的保護范圍縮小引起保護拒動,并研究了三段式距離整定方法。然后對于工頻變化量距離保護發(fā)現(xiàn)設(shè)備聯(lián)合投入后,當(dāng)線路發(fā)生正向故障時會導(dǎo)致保護范圍變小引起保護拒動,當(dāng)發(fā)生反向故障時,由于超導(dǎo)電纜的容性電抗相對于感性阻抗要大得多導(dǎo)致電流反向,引起保護誤動。并從超導(dǎo)電纜長度選取和整定值配置兩個角度提出了解決方案。3、針對分布式新能源,研究了分布式電源接入配網(wǎng)后對電流保護的影響,結(jié)合超導(dǎo)限流器的應(yīng)用,研究了應(yīng)用超導(dǎo)限流器有效減輕分布式電源接入的不利影響,提出了超導(dǎo)限流器和電流整定協(xié)調(diào)解決方案,并確定了分布式能源的最大允許接入容量。首先論文針對反時限電流保護,將超導(dǎo)限流器裝置應(yīng)用于配電網(wǎng)絡(luò),在分析分布式電源接入對反時限保護的影響機制的基礎(chǔ)上,所提出的超導(dǎo)限流器的最小參數(shù)配置解決了配電網(wǎng)反時限保護的協(xié)調(diào)問題。然后針對三段式電流保護,提出選取超導(dǎo)限流器常導(dǎo)狀態(tài)(故障)下阻抗及修改保護定值的方法,在考慮系統(tǒng)和分布式電源運行方式變化的前提下,很好地保證了保護的選擇性。針對分布式電源接入的準入容量分析和研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)應(yīng)用超導(dǎo)限流器可以有效提高DG的準入容量,并且分布式電源的接入位置不同會對接入超導(dǎo)限流器之后的準入容量產(chǎn)生較大的影響。4、針對光纖傳感新技術(shù),提出了一種基于分布式光纖傳感技術(shù)的變壓器繞組變形監(jiān)測方法。論文首先根據(jù)光的電磁波動理論,從理論上分析了光纖彎曲傳感器的工作原理。然后根據(jù)光的波動理論根據(jù)實驗來證實了光時域反射(OTDR)傳感系統(tǒng)的可行性。分析了通過分析光接收機接受到的光功率信號的大小與時間來判斷變壓器繞組的變形及變形發(fā)生的位置的精度。通過實驗系統(tǒng),發(fā)現(xiàn)論文所提方法可以實時監(jiān)測到變壓器繞組輕微機械變形量與變形發(fā)生的位置,具有的靈敏度高、抗電磁干擾、絕緣性好等優(yōu)點,提高了變壓器保護的可靠性。5、針對北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航通信技術(shù),分析了北斗通信系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用于電力系統(tǒng)常規(guī)信道破壞時作為通信系統(tǒng)第三道防線的可行性,并解決了故障過程中北斗信息通道有限導(dǎo)致的電力系統(tǒng)保護信息選擇和排隊等問題,提高了電力系統(tǒng)保護信息傳輸通道的安全性。論文首先對北斗導(dǎo)航通信系統(tǒng)進行詳細的介紹,并對北斗通信與光纖通信等其他通信信道進行比較,分析了北斗通信系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用于電力系統(tǒng)常規(guī)信道破壞時作為通信系統(tǒng)第三道防線的可行性。然后分析應(yīng)用過程中需要克服的單次通信數(shù)據(jù)量小、通信時間間隔大、沒有可靠的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸機制等問題,并提出了可行的解決方案。隨后針對故障過程中北斗信息通道有限而故障信息需要集中發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的排隊延時問題,構(gòu)建了優(yōu)先級隊列的算法解決了并行數(shù)據(jù)接收的問題。最后針對故障信息同時大量輸送問題,定義了保護重要性指標(biāo)和優(yōu)先級,保障了電網(wǎng)繼電保護信息等實時性要求高的數(shù)據(jù)的接收問題。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of smart grid in China, the application of new equipment and new technology is changing rapidly. Superconducting current limiter, superconducting cable, as a benchmark for new equipment, has been demonstrated and applied in national power grid. It can effectively improve the economy of power grid operation in steady state operation and reduce the short circuit capacity to improve the security of power grid operation in the case of failure. As an important application way of renewable energy, cloth power supply is at the stage of comprehensive construction, which promotes the development of low carbon power system. Advanced measurement technology is the basic technology of smart grid. The optical fiber sensing technology has the advantages of strong anti electromagnetic interference ability, low loss and wide transmission band range, and it is used in the power system information measurement collar. The communication technology is the foundation of the smart grid, and the Beidou satellite navigation communication system with complete independent intellectual property rights in China has a good application prospect in the fields of rural power system information monitoring, power line inspection system and other fields. The power system relay protection is a new challenge. The power system relay protection is an important guarantee for the safe operation of the power system. Superconducting current limiter, superconducting cable as a new device for the application of the smart grid, has brought the advantages to the operation of the power grid, and also has an important influence on the conventional relay protection of the power system, for example, due to the special superconducting cable. Electrical characteristics lead to protection misoperation and rejection. Distributed energy access distribution network is the main application form of green energy, which makes the distribution network become multi source distribution network. The original distribution network current protection and distance protection are unable to adapt to the security operation requirements of multi source distribution network, and need to seek new solutions. The need of new optical fiber sensing technology needs. In order to adapt and satisfy the particularity of the information needed for the protection of power system equipment, such as strong anti-interference ability, high precision and high real-time requirement, the information transmission ability of the new technology of the Beidou satellite navigation technology is not strong enough, and the protection and monitoring of power system need a lot of information. How to effectively fuse the two characteristics is the Beidou in the power system In the background of the application of new equipment and new technology in the smart grid environment and the key point of the power system protection, the following research work has been carried out in this paper. 1, the new equipment of superconducting current limiter and superconducting cable is used to study the effect of the new equipment on the current protection of the electric network, and the feasibility of the new equipment is proposed. In this paper, the influence of superconducting cable and superconducting current limiter on three stage current protection and zero sequence current protection is discussed from the theoretical point of view. After the joint input of superconducting cable and superconducting current limiter, the influence on the three stage current protection is analyzed, and the time limit speed break in the general case is obtained. The protection needs to be reset, the time limit over current protection is very small, and the three stage current setting method is studied. After that, the influence of the zero sequence current protection is analyzed. It is found that the zero sequence network structure has been changed after the joint investment, which makes the protection range of zero sequence current protection reduced, and it needs to be used for the protection of zero sequence current protection. The action setting value is rearranged and the zero sequence current protection setting method.2 is studied. In view of the superconducting current limiter and the superconducting cable joint input, the influence on the distance protection is studied, and the feasible setting method is put forward. First, the paper has found that the unit capacitance of the superconducting cable is larger and the superconducting current limiter is found for the three section distance protection. Its resistance is large and its impedance characteristic is different from the impedance characteristic of conventional line, which will lead to distance I. The protection range of the second section protection is reduced and the three section distance setting method is studied. After the joint input of the frequency range protection discovery equipment, the protection model will be caused when the line has a positive fault. In the case of reverse fault, when the reverse fault occurs, the capacitive reactance of the superconducting cable is much larger than the inductive impedance and causes the protection misoperation. The solution.3 is proposed from the two angles of the selection of the length of the superconducting cable and the configuration of the setting value, and the distributed power access matching is studied for the distributed new energy. After the effect of the network on the current protection, combined with the application of the superconducting current limiter, the adverse effects of the application of the superconducting current limiter to reduce the access of the distributed power supply are studied. The superconducting current limiter and the current setting coordination solution are proposed, and the maximum allowable access capacity of the distributed energy is determined. The superconducting current limiter is applied to the distribution network. On the basis of the analysis of the influence mechanism of the distributed power access on the anti time limit protection, the minimum parameter configuration of the superconducting current limiter is proposed to solve the coordination problem of the inverse time protection of the distribution network. Then, the constant conduction state (fault) of the superconducting current limiter is selected for the three stage current protection. Under the premise of changing the operating mode of the system and the distributed power, the method of lower impedance and the fixed value modification guarantee the selectivity of the protection very well. In view of the access capacity analysis and research of the distributed power supply, it is found that the application of the superconducting limiter can effectively improve the access capacity of DG and the access position of the distributed power supply. The difference will have a great influence on the access capacity of the superconducting current limiter. In view of the new optical fiber sensing technology, a new method of transformer winding deformation monitoring based on the distributed optical fiber sensing technology is proposed. Firstly, according to the electromagnetic wave theory of light, the working principle of the optical fiber bending sensor is analyzed theoretically. Then, the working principle of the optical fiber bending sensor is analyzed in theory. According to the wave theory of light, the feasibility of the optical time domain reflection (OTDR) sensing system is verified according to the experiment. The accuracy of the location of the deformation and deformation of the transformer winding is determined by analyzing the size and time of the light power signal received by the optical receiver. With the advantages of high sensitivity, resistance to electromagnetic interference and good insulation, the reliability.5 of transformer protection is improved. According to the Beidou satellite navigation communication technology, the Beidou communication system is used as the third channel of the communication system when the conventional channel is destroyed in the power system. The feasibility of the line is solved, and the information selection and queuing of the power system protection caused by the limited information channel of the dipper is solved. The security of the transmission channel of the power system protection is improved. First, the paper introduces the Beidou navigation communication system in detail, and other communication letters, such as Beidou communication and optical fiber communication. By comparing the channel, the feasibility of the Beidou communication system to be used as the third line of the communication system when the power system is destroyed by the conventional channel is analyzed. Then the problems of small amount of single communication data, large communication time interval and no reliable data transmission mechanism in the application process are analyzed, and a feasible solution is put forward. Then, in order to solve the problem of queuing delay caused by the limited information channel of the dipper and the centralized fault information in the process of fault, a priority queue algorithm is constructed to solve the problem of parallel data reception. Finally, the importance index and priority of the protection are defined for the problem of the fault information at the same time, and the power grid relay is guaranteed. Protection of information and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TM77

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