本文選題：出口 + 導向　； 參考：《首都經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：本文評估中國與孟加拉國出口導向經(jīng)濟政策對出口部門增長的影響。人們普遍認為,開放政策會給經(jīng)濟帶來潛在的利益與經(jīng)濟成本風險。出口部門的繁榮和適當?shù)恼吣苡兄诮?jīng)濟增長并減少風險因素帶來的成本。二十世紀Hecksher-Ohlin的貿(mào)易要素稟賦理論解釋說,發(fā)展中國家可以通過專業(yè)化的貿(mào)易勞動密集型產(chǎn)品的出口的受益,這是因為這些國家由于具有相對豐富的勞動資源稟賦從而這些產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)商具有相對優(yōu)勢。但發(fā)展中國家存在的結(jié)構(gòu)性問題、市場失靈和“新經(jīng)濟體制”,如Douglas C. North所質(zhì)疑的自由貿(mào)易模式對發(fā)展中國家的影響,都說明了政策因素對促進經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)變的重要作用。 中國和孟加拉國分別于1978年和1990年采取了由進口替代政策到出口帶動政策的轉(zhuǎn)換來拉動經(jīng)濟增長。作為該過程的一部分,國家采取了經(jīng)濟體制改革、關(guān)稅政策合理化、稅收優(yōu)惠、外匯政策和知識產(chǎn)權(quán)政策鼓勵多邊貿(mào)易,其他政策也被重新討論以鼓勵區(qū)域經(jīng)濟合作。中國的增長奇跡主要是伴隨著出口部門的出色表現(xiàn),基于經(jīng)濟不斷開放的世界貿(mào)易網(wǎng)和貿(mào)易政策限制大幅度的減少。與比較優(yōu)勢理論一致,出口部門的建立成功構(gòu)建并將出口產(chǎn)品組合分散到了大量市場上,以獲得密集的貿(mào)易差價。出口產(chǎn)品的技術(shù)復雜化將出口品由低技術(shù)含量逐漸轉(zhuǎn)換為中等和高技術(shù)產(chǎn)品。 孟加拉國競爭性出口部門在勞動密集型的低技術(shù)產(chǎn)品的出口方面的績效也與比較優(yōu)勢理論相一致。隨著國家穩(wěn)步整合到世界貿(mào)易圈,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟開放度指數(shù)隨著市場自由化逐步上升,,對貿(mào)易的期間限制大幅減少。出口部門的繁榮高度集中于少數(shù)部門和主要發(fā)達國家的市場。失敗的出口產(chǎn)品組合源于未能實現(xiàn)出口產(chǎn)品和市場的多元化。出口產(chǎn)品的技術(shù)復雜性包含了低技術(shù)勞動密集型產(chǎn)品,與比較優(yōu)勢的勞動力要素稟賦相一致。技術(shù)復雜性指數(shù)未發(fā)現(xiàn)出口產(chǎn)品技術(shù)復雜化向中高科技的轉(zhuǎn)化。實證發(fā)現(xiàn),出口的盈余對經(jīng)濟體的經(jīng)濟增長在統(tǒng)計學上有顯著正面影響。工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)部門的附加值和轉(zhuǎn)型也對國家的經(jīng)濟增長有顯著的正面影響。相較于出口部門的表現(xiàn),中國成功地獲得比較大的出口盈余以及更廣泛的產(chǎn)品出口市場,產(chǎn)品從中等到高科技轉(zhuǎn)型的技術(shù)成熟也日臻成熟。然而,孟加拉國的出口主要是低技術(shù)的產(chǎn)品,并且沒有類似轉(zhuǎn)化出口產(chǎn)品的尖端技術(shù)出現(xiàn)。 本文推介中國出口部門的發(fā)展經(jīng)驗,評估相關(guān)的經(jīng)濟改、教育政策、協(xié)調(diào)信息、創(chuàng)新服務和鼓勵外商對高科技產(chǎn)品的直接投資,及還追趕日本、韓國等國的戰(zhàn)略和經(jīng)驗。在此基礎上建議孟加拉國鼓勵出口部門在低技術(shù)和勞動密集型產(chǎn)品上的多元化,發(fā)展基礎設施,建立和改革相關(guān)制度,發(fā)展相關(guān)專業(yè)研究,汲取中國出口部門的發(fā)展的策略和經(jīng)驗,趕上中國的步伐。
[Abstract]:This paper evaluates the impact of China's and Bangladesh's export-oriented economic policies on export sector growth. It is widely believed that open policy will bring potential benefits and economic cost risks to the economy. Export sector prosperity and appropriate policies can help economic growth and reduce the costs of risk factors. Hecksher-Ohlin 's trade factor endowment theory in the twentieth century explained that developing countries could benefit from the export of specialized, trade-intensive products. This is because these countries have a comparative advantage because of their relatively abundant labor resources. But the structural problems in developing countries, market failures and the impact of the "new economic system", such as the free trade model questioned by Douglas C. North, on developing countries all illustrate the important role of policy factors in promoting economic transformation. In 1978 and 1990, respectively, China and Bangladesh adopted a shift from import substitution policy to export-led policy to boost economic growth. As part of this process, the country has adopted economic system reform, tariff policy rationalization, tax preference, foreign exchange policy and intellectual property policy to encourage multilateral trade, and other policies have been revisited to encourage regional economic cooperation. China's growth miracle has largely been accompanied by strong performance in the export sector, with sharp reductions in trade policy restrictions based on an open world trade network. In line with the theory of comparative advantage, the establishment of export sector has been successfully constructed and the export product portfolio has been dispersed to a large number of markets in order to obtain a dense trade difference. Technical complications of export products gradually transform exports from low-tech to medium-and high-tech products. The performance of Bangladesh's competitive export sector in exports of labor-intensive low-tech products is also consistent with the theory of comparative advantage. As countries steadily integrate into the world's trading world, it can be found that the economic openness index has increased as market liberalization has gradually increased, and restrictions on trade have fallen sharply during the period. Export sector booms are highly concentrated in a few sectors and markets in major developed countries. The failure of the export portfolio stems from the failure to diversify export products and markets. The technical complexity of export products includes low-technology labor-intensive products, which is consistent with the labor factor endowment of comparative advantage. The technical complexity index has not found the transformation from technical complexity of export products to medium-high-tech. Empirical results show that export surplus has a significant positive impact on economic growth. Value addition and transformation in the industrial and agricultural sectors also have a significant positive impact on the country's economic growth. Relative to the performance of the export sector, China has succeeded in gaining a larger export surplus as well as a wider market for exports of products, from which the technological maturity of the high-tech transition has matured. However, Bangladesh's exports are mainly low-tech products, and there is no sophisticated technology similar to the transformation of exports. This paper introduces the development experience of China's export sector, evaluates relevant economic reforms, educational policies, coordinates information, innovates services and encourages foreign direct investment in high-tech products, as well as strategies and experiences in catching up with Japan and South Korea. On this basis, it is recommended that Bangladesh encourage diversification of the export sector in low-technology and labour-intensive products, develop infrastructure, establish and reform relevant systems, and develop relevant professional research, Learn from China's export sector development strategy and experience, catch up with China's pace.
【學位授予單位】：首都經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F752.62;F753.54
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本文編號：2010358