發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-25 23:06

  本文選題：液力自動(dòng)變速器 + 動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)　； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，重大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、舊城區(qū)改造、大型礦藏開(kāi)發(fā)等項(xiàng)目急劇增多，對(duì)重型載重汽車的需求迅速增加。巨大的需求量給重型載重汽車行業(yè)的發(fā)展帶來(lái)了機(jī)遇，也使行業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)更加激烈。目前國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)的重型載重汽車多采用手動(dòng)變速，這主要是由于國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)于自動(dòng)變速技術(shù)核心部分的研究尚不夠成熟，不具備自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)。然而重型載重汽車的工作工況復(fù)雜多變，換擋頻繁，且換擋沖擊大，駕駛員極易疲勞，因此實(shí)現(xiàn)重型載重汽車的自動(dòng)變速，不但對(duì)提高車輛的性能有重大意義，還能在很大程度上減輕駕駛員的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，降低事故發(fā)生率。 當(dāng)前，我國(guó)生產(chǎn)的裝備液力自動(dòng)變速器的重型載重汽車的自動(dòng)變速器主要依賴進(jìn)口或國(guó)內(nèi)外合資企業(yè)生產(chǎn)，核心技術(shù)主要掌握在歐美、日本等國(guó)家。換擋規(guī)律是自動(dòng)變速器的核心問(wèn)題之一，它對(duì)車輛的動(dòng)力性、燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性、通過(guò)性及對(duì)環(huán)境的適應(yīng)能力有直接影響，由于國(guó)外自動(dòng)變速器換擋規(guī)律技術(shù)封鎖，因此只能通過(guò)自主研發(fā)，根據(jù)車輛的各種行駛因素，確定合理的換擋點(diǎn)、制定相應(yīng)換擋策略，最終確定滿足車輛不同使用要求的換擋規(guī)律，實(shí)現(xiàn)合理的自動(dòng)換擋。同時(shí)，改善自動(dòng)變速器的換擋品質(zhì)同樣是一個(gè)亟待解決的問(wèn)題，國(guó)外對(duì)換擋過(guò)程中搭接時(shí)序的控制、減小換擋沖擊、保證換擋平順性的研究較早，技術(shù)較為成熟，目前已處于實(shí)際應(yīng)用階段，而國(guó)內(nèi)雖然已經(jīng)開(kāi)展了換擋品質(zhì)控制的研究并取得了一定的成果，但目前尚處于研究階段，與國(guó)外仍然存在較大差距。因此，面對(duì)國(guó)際市場(chǎng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)的需求，研究重型載重汽車液力自動(dòng)變速器的核心關(guān)鍵技術(shù)成為當(dāng)務(wù)之急。我國(guó)正處在發(fā)展自動(dòng)變速技術(shù)的關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻，開(kāi)展液力自動(dòng)變速換擋策略與品質(zhì)的研究，對(duì)我國(guó)重型載重汽車工業(yè)的發(fā)展具有重大的意義。 針對(duì)以上問(wèn)題，本文以杭州齒輪箱集團(tuán)股份有限公司“重型及特種車輛自動(dòng)變速技術(shù)研究”項(xiàng)目為依托，結(jié)合機(jī)械傳動(dòng)、流體傳動(dòng)（液力傳動(dòng)和液壓傳動(dòng)）、自動(dòng)控制等理論，對(duì)重型載重汽車自動(dòng)變速換擋策略與品質(zhì)進(jìn)行深入研究，主要研究?jī)?nèi)容及相關(guān)結(jié)論如下。 1．動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)及整車特性研究 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)與液力變矩器共同工作時(shí)，組成一種新的動(dòng)力裝置，只有二者合理匹配，車輛才具有良好的動(dòng)力性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性。建立了發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和液力變矩器在非穩(wěn)定工況下的數(shù)學(xué)模型，對(duì)液力變矩器進(jìn)行了CFD設(shè)計(jì)和特性計(jì)算，并設(shè)計(jì)了適用于重型載重汽車的自動(dòng)變速箱。通過(guò)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)與液力變矩器的匹配，得到了二者共同工作的輸入特性、共同工作點(diǎn)和輸出特性。建立了整車的動(dòng)力學(xué)方程，計(jì)算了牽引特性和加速度特性，為制定動(dòng)態(tài)三參數(shù)換擋規(guī)律奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 2．引入曲軸角加速度的動(dòng)態(tài)三參數(shù)換擋策略制定 由于車輛的起動(dòng)和換擋過(guò)程均在非穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)下完成，并且自動(dòng)換擋具有平穩(wěn)、沖擊小、噪聲低、選換擋準(zhǔn)確及時(shí)等要求，因此重型載重汽車在自動(dòng)換擋過(guò)程中合理地選擇換擋點(diǎn)就尤為重要。提出了將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)曲軸的角加速度作為控制參數(shù)之一的觀點(diǎn)，其能夠反映出油門(mén)開(kāi)度的變化率，更真實(shí)地反映車輛換擋的動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程。提出了一種新的以車速、油門(mén)開(kāi)度和曲軸角加速度作為換擋控制參數(shù)的動(dòng)態(tài)三參數(shù)換擋規(guī)律，并通過(guò)仿真分析對(duì)比了動(dòng)態(tài)三參數(shù)換擋規(guī)律和兩參數(shù)換擋規(guī)律的動(dòng)力性與燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性，結(jié)果表明動(dòng)態(tài)三參數(shù)換擋規(guī)律在動(dòng)力性和燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性方面均優(yōu)于兩參數(shù)換擋規(guī)律。介紹了電控系統(tǒng)的電子控制單元（TCU）硬件電路實(shí)現(xiàn)方案，在其內(nèi)部固化了各種控制程序，包括換擋控制、閉鎖離合器控制、液力緩速器充排油控制、換擋品質(zhì)控制等；將制定的換擋規(guī)律應(yīng)用到TCU軟件應(yīng)用層軟件開(kāi)發(fā)中，給出實(shí)現(xiàn)路徑。結(jié)果表明，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)曲軸角加速度對(duì)換擋點(diǎn)的選取有較大影響，所提出的動(dòng)態(tài)三參數(shù)換擋規(guī)律在提高自動(dòng)變速車輛的性能、提高動(dòng)力性和燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性等方面有重要的理論意義和工程應(yīng)用價(jià)值。 3．換擋品質(zhì)控制研究 為了提高駕駛的平穩(wěn)性、舒適性和安全性，同時(shí)延長(zhǎng)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)元件的使用壽命，對(duì)AT換擋品質(zhì)的研究就顯得十分重要。建立了電液換擋控制系統(tǒng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型，并對(duì)其換擋時(shí)序的正確性進(jìn)行仿真分析驗(yàn)證。針對(duì)換擋品質(zhì)控制方法，采取開(kāi)關(guān)電磁閥和比例電磁閥兩種方案對(duì)比分析，雖然比例電磁閥能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)更精確的控制，但考慮到工程實(shí)際情況，本文采用平穩(wěn)結(jié)合閥控制換擋品質(zhì)即開(kāi)關(guān)電磁閥控制方案，并對(duì)平穩(wěn)結(jié)合閥和離合器各參數(shù)對(duì)緩沖性能的影響進(jìn)行了仿真分析。結(jié)果表明平穩(wěn)結(jié)合閥控制的換擋接合油壓平穩(wěn)、換擋沖擊小，并運(yùn)用批處理功能得到了各個(gè)參數(shù)對(duì)緩沖特性的影響曲線，提高了建模仿真的效率。 4．電液控制系統(tǒng)試驗(yàn) 在液力自動(dòng)變速試驗(yàn)臺(tái)上進(jìn)行了電液控制系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)換擋和換擋品質(zhì)的試驗(yàn)研究。通過(guò)自動(dòng)換擋試驗(yàn)，驗(yàn)證了本文提出的引入曲軸角加速度的動(dòng)態(tài)三參數(shù)換擋規(guī)律的合理性，電液換擋控制系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)換擋動(dòng)作的正確性以及電子控制單元（TCU）能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)自動(dòng)換擋的功能。通過(guò)換擋品質(zhì)試驗(yàn)，對(duì)比分析了換擋時(shí)離合器油壓變化曲線的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果與仿真結(jié)果，試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明建立的平穩(wěn)結(jié)合閥仿真模型的正確性與有效性，以及應(yīng)用平穩(wěn)結(jié)合閥對(duì)換擋品質(zhì)有較好的改善作用。 本文針對(duì)重型載重汽車液力自動(dòng)變速的換擋策略和換擋品質(zhì)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的研究，，不但對(duì)提高車輛的動(dòng)力性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性有重大意義，還能在很大程度上提高乘坐舒適性、減輕駕駛員的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度、降低事故發(fā)生率，對(duì)液力自動(dòng)變速器電液換擋控制技術(shù)的深入研究具有理論指導(dǎo)意義，為我國(guó)重型載重汽車液力自動(dòng)變速的自主研發(fā)奠定良好的基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:With the development of China's economy, major infrastructure construction, old urban reconstruction, large mineral exploitation and other projects have increased rapidly. The demand for heavy truck has increased rapidly. The huge demand has brought opportunities to the development of heavy truck industry, and also makes the industry more competitive. At present, the heavy heavy truck produced in China is more productive. With the manual transmission, it is mainly because the research on the core part of the automatic transmission technology is not mature enough and does not have independent intellectual property right. However, the working condition of heavy truck is complex and changeable, the shift is frequent, and the shift impact is great, the driver is very easy to fatigue. Therefore, the automatic transmission of heavy truck is not only to improve the vehicle. The performance of the vehicle is of great significance, and it can also greatly reduce the labor intensity of the driver and reduce the accident rate.
At present, the automatic transmission of heavy duty truck produced in China is mainly dependent on imported or domestic and foreign joint ventures, and the core technology is mainly in Europe and America, Japan and other countries. Shift regulation is one of the core problems of automatic transmission. It is dynamic, fuel economy, passing and ring to the vehicle. The adaptability of the country has a direct influence. Because of the technical blockade of the shifting law of the foreign automatic transmission, the proper shift point can be determined only by the independent research and development, according to the driving factors of the vehicle, the corresponding shift strategy is formulated, and the shifting rules satisfying the different use requirements of the vehicle are finally determined, and the reasonable automatic shift is realized. At the same time, the change of the shift is realized. The shifting quality of a good automatic transmission is also a problem to be solved urgently. The research on the control of the lap timing in the shift process, reducing the shift impact and ensuring the shift smoothness is earlier, the technology is more mature, and it is now in the practical application stage, although the study of the shift quality control has been carried out in China and has obtained one. It is still at the stage of research, but there is still a big gap with foreign countries. Therefore, facing the competition in the international market and the demand of the domestic market, it is urgent to study the key key technology of the automatic transmission of heavy truck. The study of gear shifting strategy and quality is of great significance to the development of heavy duty truck industry in China.
In view of the above problems, this paper, based on the project of Hangzhou gear box group Limited by Share Ltd "automatic transmission technology for heavy and special vehicles", combines the theory of mechanical transmission, fluid transmission (hydraulic transmission and hydraulic transmission) and automatic control, and studies the strategy and quality of the automatic shift shift of heavy duty truck. The contents and conclusions are as follows.
Study on the characteristics of 1. power transmission system and vehicle
When the engine and the torque converter work together, a new power device is formed. Only the two are properly matched, the vehicle has good power and economy. The mathematical model of the engine and the torque converter under the unsteady condition is set up, the CFD design and the characteristic calculation of the hydraulic torque converter are carried out, and the design is suitable for the heavy duty. The automatic transmission of a heavy truck. Through the matching of the engine and the torque converter, the input characteristics, the common working points and the output characteristics of the two work are obtained. The dynamic equations of the vehicle are established, the traction characteristics and the acceleration characteristics are calculated, which lays the foundation for the formulation of the dynamic three parameter shift regulation.
2. developing a dynamic three parameter shift strategy to introduce crankshaft angular acceleration.
Because the starting and shifting process of the vehicle are all completed in the unstable state, and the automatic shift is stable, the impact is small, the noise is low, and the shift is accurate and timely, so it is very important to choose the shift point in the automatic shift process. The angular acceleration of the engine crankshaft is proposed as the control parameter. One of the points of view, which can reflect the change rate of the throttle opening, reflects the dynamic process of the vehicle shift more truly. A new dynamic three parameter shift rule is proposed, which takes the speed, the throttle opening and the crankshaft angular acceleration as the shifting control parameters, and compares the three parameter shift and the two parameter shift through the simulation analysis. The dynamic and fuel economy of the law show that the dynamic three parameter shift rule is better than the two parameter shift rule in power and fuel economy. The realization scheme of the electronic control unit (TCU) hardware circuit is introduced, and various control programs are solidified inside it, including the shift control, the locking clutch control and the liquid. In the application layer software development of TCU software, it is applied to the software development of the software application layer and the realization path is given. The results show that the angular acceleration of the engine crankshaft has a great influence on the selection of the shift point, and the dynamic three parameter shifting law is raised to improve the performance of the automatic transmission vehicle and improve the performance of the automatic transmission vehicle. Power and fuel economy have important theoretical significance and engineering application value.
Study on 3. shift quality control
In order to improve the stability, comfort and safety of driving and prolong the service life of the drive system components, it is very important to study the shift quality of AT. A mathematical model of the electro-hydraulic shift control system is established, and the correctness of the shift timing is simulated and verified. Comparison and analysis of two schemes of solenoid valve and proportional solenoid valve, although proportional solenoid valve can achieve more precise control, but considering the actual situation of the project, this paper uses a stationary combination valve to control the shift quality, that is, the control scheme of the switch solenoid valve, and makes a simulation analysis on the impact of the parameters of the stationary combined valve and clutch on the cushioning performance. The results show that the oil pressure of the shifting joint controlled by the stationary valve is stable and the shift impact is small, and the impact curve of each parameter on the buffering characteristic is obtained by batch processing, and the efficiency of modeling and simulation is improved.
4. electrohydraulic control system test
The automatic shift and shift quality of the electro-hydraulic control system is tested on the automatic hydraulic transmission test platform. Through the automatic shift test, the rationality of the dynamic three parameter shift rules introduced in this paper, the correctness of the automatic shift operation of the electro-hydraulic shift control system and the electronic control unit (T CU) can realize the function of automatic shift. Through the shift quality test, the test results and simulation results of the clutch oil pressure change curve are compared and analyzed. The test results show that the correctness and effectiveness of the established simulation model of the stationary combination valve and the application of the stationary combination valve to the shift quality are better.
In this paper, the shift strategy and shift quality of heavy truck hydraulic automatic transmission are studied in detail, not only to improve the power and economy of the vehicle, but also to improve the riding comfort, reduce the driver's labor intensity, reduce the accident rate, and the electro-hydraulic shift of the hydraulic automatic transmission. The in-depth study of control technology has theoretical guiding significance and lays a good foundation for the independent development of heavy duty truck hydraulic automatic transmission.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U463.22

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本文編號(hào)：1934998