本文選題：白色單頭切花菊雜交F_1代株系 + 觀賞性�。� 參考：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：菊花(Chrysanthemum×morifolium Ramat.)是我國傳統(tǒng)名花,也是世界著名的四大切花之一。近年來我國的切花菊產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展迅速,除內銷外,也大量出口日本、韓國等,其中日本為切花菊的主要消費國,尤其是白色單頭切花菊的需求巨大。但目前我國白色單頭切花菊品種主要為夏菊‘優(yōu)香’和‘巖白扇’、秋菊‘神馬’等,均為日本培育品種,一則一些品種需要支付品種保護費,增加了企業(yè)負擔；同時由于引進品種單一,不能夠滿足我國不同氣候、設施和市場特點的需求,因此迫切需要培育出具有自主知識產(chǎn)權的綜合性質優(yōu)良的品種。為此,本試驗以雜交育種獲得的雜交F1代株系為材料,建立白色單頭切花菊的綜合性狀評價體系,并對59個雜交后代初選株系進行觀賞性性狀、抗性等性狀評價,計算其綜合品質得分并分級,以選育綜合性狀優(yōu)秀的株系,為進一步選定新品種奠定基礎。主要研究結果如下：1.白色單頭切花菊雜交后代株系觀賞性綜合評價根據(jù)國內外單頭切花菊的商品標準要求,選擇花徑、花色亮白度、花型、瓶插后的花序壽命和水養(yǎng)開放度等12個性狀為觀賞性評價指標,對59個白色單頭切花菊雜交F1代株系的觀賞性指標進行了觀察和統(tǒng)計。構建了白色單頭切花菊雜交株系觀賞性綜合評價體系,確定了各因子最終的綜合權重值,其中花色亮白度對白色單頭切花菊觀賞性影響最大,權重值為0.229,其次為瓶插花序壽命、瓶插開放度和花徑,權重值分別為0.131、0.131、0.109。分別計算59個雜交F1代株系的觀賞性綜合得分,利用類間平均鏈鎖法(Between-groups Linkage)并根據(jù)各株系觀賞性綜合得分的聚類中心值劃分為優(yōu)、良、一般3個等級,各級株系數(shù)量分別為27、22、10,所占比例分別為45.8%、37.3%、16.9%。2.白色單頭切花菊雜交后代株系抗性評價從對觀賞性優(yōu)良的30個株系進行抗蚜蟲性和耐澇性試驗�？寡料x性試驗采用苗期室內人工接種蚜蟲,統(tǒng)計蚜量比值的方法進行評價；結果表明,各株系間抗蚜蟲性差異顯著,母本擁有蚜蟲抗性的雜交組合中篩選出了1個中抗、2個抗性株系,另一個親本都為低抗的雜交組合后代中出現(xiàn)超親現(xiàn)象,有1個抗性株系,其他都為低抗與不抗株系。耐澇性通過苗期盆栽水淹法,觀察植株在澇性脅迫過程中水淹壽命、葉色、葉片形態(tài)和莖干形態(tài)四個表型性狀,對各株系進行打分,在不進行加權處理條件下計算各材料的總得分。最后利用層次分析法和K-Means聚類分析法對各株系進行分級,最終將各株系分為5個等級,得到耐澇性材料2個,較耐澇的4個,中度耐澇的7個,較不耐澇的14個,不耐澇的12個。3.白色單頭切花菊雜交后代株系綜合性狀評價將切花菊的觀賞性品質、抗性品質和生產(chǎn)特性綜合起來,建立白色單頭切花菊雜交后代株系綜合性狀層次分析評價體系。計算各項指標的權重,對各株系進行打分,總得分利用K-Means聚類分析進行分級,將30個株系劃分為3個等級,數(shù)字3、2、1分別代表F1代綜合性狀品質優(yōu)、良、一般,聚類中心為2.3516、2.0643、1.7666。其中優(yōu)等級株系有6個,占20%,該等級株系花色亮白、生產(chǎn)特性優(yōu)秀；良等級株系有13個,占43.3%,該等級植株花色潔白,各性狀均優(yōu)良；一般等級株系有11個,占36.7%,花色白,性狀表現(xiàn)一般。篩選出優(yōu)良品種6個。
[Abstract]:Flos Chrysanthemi ( Ramat . ) It is one of the most famous flowers in China , and it is one of the famous four cutting flowers in the world . In recent years , China ' s flower and flower industry has developed rapidly . In recent years , China ' s flower - flower chrysanthemum industry has been developing rapidly . In addition to the domestic sales , Japan is the main consumer of cut chrysanthemum , especially the white single - headed flower chrysanthemum . However , the white single - headed chrysanthemum variety is mainly the summer chrysanthemum ' Youxiang ' and ' rock white fan ' , the autumn chrysanthemum ' Shenma ' and so on , all of which are Japanese breeding varieties , and a variety of varieties need to pay the variety protection fee , increase the enterprise burden ;
A comprehensive evaluation system was established to evaluate the ornamental characters of the hybrid F1 generation lines . The results were as follows : 1 . The ornamental comprehensive evaluation system of the hybrid F1 generation lines of white single - head cut chrysanthemum was established . The results were as follows : 1 . The comprehensive evaluation system of the hybrid F1 generation lines of the white single - headed flower chrysanthemum was established .
The results showed that there was a significant difference in aphid resistance among all lines . In the hybrid combinations with resistance to aphid , there were 1 middle and two resistant strains , and the other parents had four phenotypic traits of low resistance to waterlogging .
There were 13 ( 43 . 3 % ) good grade strains , and the plants were white and excellent in all characters .
There were 11 general grade strains , which accounted for 36 . 7 % , the color was white and the characters showed general . 6 varieties were screened out .

【學位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：S682.11

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相關期刊論文 前1條

1 宋威;祝朋芳;;離子注入法誘變菊花及嵌合體分離的研究[J];北方園藝;2010年03期

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本文編號：1870521