本文選題：知識產(chǎn)權(quán) + 人權(quán)　； 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：知識是人類探索與改造自然、社會和思維過程中所積累的一系列創(chuàng)造性智力成果的結(jié)晶。知識產(chǎn)權(quán)化的結(jié)果是通過制度賦予給知識產(chǎn)品的創(chuàng)造者一定期限的壟斷權(quán),換取創(chuàng)造者對知識的公開；從而使公眾能夠得到更多的文化產(chǎn)品,達到繁榮文化的最終目的。但是隨著科技的全球化和發(fā)達國家主導(dǎo)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)與貿(mào)易的掛鉤,知識產(chǎn)權(quán)制度越來越傾向于保護創(chuàng)造者的利益而忽視了社會公眾利益,知識產(chǎn)權(quán)制度逐漸異化成了發(fā)達國家用來保護其全球經(jīng)濟利益的工具。而欠發(fā)達國家不得不面臨這樣的抉擇,是要遵守知識產(chǎn)權(quán)規(guī)則還是要保護公眾的利益。因為知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的強保護規(guī)則的推行,已使得各國人民不得不面對昂貴的專利藥；農(nóng)民不得不每年都要花錢買專利種子而不能像過去一樣從上一年收獲的果實中挑選出優(yōu)秀的種子；原住民不得不面對自己民族上千年的傳統(tǒng)文化、傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥、傳統(tǒng)遺傳資源,被發(fā)達國家公司開發(fā)后自己就不能使用的悲劇；欠發(fā)達國家也不得不面對在自己國家實行的法律卻不受自己意志控制的尷尬處境。知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的強保護就像一張網(wǎng)覆蓋了人們生活的各個領(lǐng)域,人們被迫為其付出高昂的代價。當知識產(chǎn)權(quán)已于人們的普遍價值發(fā)生偏差,其存在的正當性就會令人質(zhì)疑。這時如何改造知識產(chǎn)權(quán)就成為了人們共同的話題,知識產(chǎn)權(quán)存在的正當性基礎(chǔ)是知識產(chǎn)權(quán)要遵循超越經(jīng)濟的倫理價值。知識產(chǎn)權(quán)與貿(mào)易掛鉤后,侵害最為嚴重的的就是人權(quán),什么是人權(quán),一個人作為人所應(yīng)享有的基本權(quán)利,健康權(quán)、生存權(quán)、傳統(tǒng)文化權(quán)、遺傳資源權(quán),甚至一個國家的主權(quán)都是人權(quán)的范疇。在知識產(chǎn)權(quán)擴張的過程中,權(quán)利受到侵害的主體就以人權(quán)來作為對抗知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的工具,人權(quán)是普世的權(quán)利,任何權(quán)利的行駛都不應(yīng)該損害他人人權(quán)的實現(xiàn)。所以,人權(quán)就是改造知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的基本倫理價值。本文包括序言和結(jié)語總共六個部分。首先在序言部分引出問題,簡單介紹了為什么知識產(chǎn)權(quán)和人權(quán)兩個看似獨立的權(quán)利體系會產(chǎn)生沖突。第一部分,知識產(chǎn)權(quán)沖突的表現(xiàn)及其產(chǎn)生的原因,介紹了知識產(chǎn)權(quán)與人權(quán)沖突的幾個最主要的表現(xiàn),健康權(quán)、原住民的權(quán)利、國家主權(quán),正是這幾項權(quán)利受到知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的嚴重威脅,才使得人權(quán)界開始關(guān)注知識產(chǎn)權(quán)；同時分析了知識產(chǎn)權(quán)與人權(quán)沖突的原因,知識產(chǎn)權(quán)與人權(quán)的沖突有其自身制度設(shè)計存在的問題,也有知識產(chǎn)權(quán)在發(fā)展過程中的目的異化所產(chǎn)生的原因。第二部分,人權(quán)理念引入知識產(chǎn)權(quán)制度的必要性,知識產(chǎn)權(quán)與人權(quán)沖突的根本原因在于兩者不同的立法目的所致,但是知識產(chǎn)權(quán)作為一項經(jīng)濟權(quán)利,其在立法的過程中要遵循一定的倫理道德,即在實施的過程中不能損害他人的利益,當知識產(chǎn)權(quán)成為一項全球制度的時候,能作為其倫理基礎(chǔ)的就不能是一個國家的倫理道德,而是一個普世的倫理道德,這就是人權(quán)。第三部分,人權(quán)視野下的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)規(guī)制理念與原則,既然將人權(quán)作為知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的倫理道德,那么知識產(chǎn)權(quán)在立法的時候就要符合人權(quán)的基本要求,知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的實施要以繁榮文化和科學(xué)事業(yè)為根本。第四部分,我國知識產(chǎn)權(quán)法的規(guī)制路徑,通過分析,我們可以看到知識產(chǎn)權(quán)制度并不是我們宣揚的那樣完美無缺,任何制度的存在都有其兩面性,并且對于知識的保護也不僅僅就知識產(chǎn)權(quán)化一條路,在這樣的前提下,提出了發(fā)展我國知識產(chǎn)權(quán)制度的四項建議。
[Abstract]:Knowledge is the crystallization of a series of creative intellectual achievements accumulated in the process of human exploration and transformation of nature, society and thinking. The result of intellectual property is the monopoly power given to the creator of knowledge products through the system, in exchange for the disclosure of knowledge by the creator, and the public can get more cultural products. But with the globalization of science and technology and the link between intellectual property and trade led by developed countries, the intellectual property system has become more and more inclined to protect the interests of the creator and ignores the public interests. The intellectual property system has gradually become a tool for the developed countries to protect their global economic interests. And the less developed countries have to face such a choice whether to abide by the rules of intellectual property or to protect the interests of the public. Because the implementation of the strong protection rules of intellectual property has made people have to face expensive patent medicines; farmers have to spend money every year on patent seeds instead of the last year. The fruits of the harvest are selected for excellent seeds, and the Aborigines have to face the tragedy of their own national culture, traditional medicine and traditional genetic resources, which are unused by the developed countries, and the less developed countries have to face the laws of their own country which are not controlled by their own will. The strong protection of intellectual property is like a network covering all areas of people's life, and people are forced to pay a high price. When intellectual property has deviated from the universal value of people, the legitimacy of its existence will be questioned. How to transform intellectual property rights has become a common topic, intellectual property rights. The legitimate basis of existence is that intellectual property should follow the ethical value of surpassing the economy. After the link between intellectual property and trade, the most serious infringement is human rights, what is human rights, the basic rights that a person should enjoy as a human, the right to health, the right to existence, the right to traditional culture, the right to genetic resources, and even the sovereignty of a country. In the course of the expansion of intellectual property rights, the subject of rights being infringed on is human rights as a tool to combat intellectual property. Human rights are universal rights. The driving of any right should not damage the realization of human rights. Therefore, human rights is the basic ethical value of the transformation of intellectual property rights. This article includes the preface and conclusion altogether. The six part, first of all, introduces the issue in the preface, and briefly introduces why the two seemingly independent rights systems of intellectual property and human rights conflict. The first part, the manifestation of the conflict of intellectual property and its causes, introduces some of the most important manifestations of the conflict between intellectual property and human rights, the right to health, the rights of the indigenous people, and the state. Home sovereignty, which is the serious threat to intellectual property rights, makes the human rights community begin to pay attention to intellectual property rights; at the same time, it analyses the causes of the conflict between intellectual property and human rights. The conflict between intellectual property and human rights has its own problems in the design of its own system, as well as the origin of the alienation of the purpose of knowledge production in the process of development. In the second part, the necessity of the concept of human rights is introduced into the intellectual property system. The fundamental reason for the conflict between intellectual property and human rights lies in the different legislative purposes. However, as an economic right, intellectual property rights should follow certain ethical and moral principles in the process of legislation, that is, it can not damage the interests of others during the process of implementation. When intellectual property becomes a global system, as its ethical basis, it can not be a nation's ethics, but a universal ethic. This is human rights. In the third part, the concept and principles of intellectual property regulation under human rights view, since human rights are regarded as ethical ethics of intellectual property, then intellectual property rights In the case of legislation, the basic requirements of human rights should be met. The implementation of intellectual property rights should be based on the prosperity of culture and science. In the fourth part, through analysis, we can see that the intellectual property system is not as perfect as we proclaim, and the existence of any system has its dual nature. Moreover, the protection of knowledge is not only a way of intellectual property rights. Under such a premise, four suggestions for the development of China's intellectual property system are put forward.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D913

【共引文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

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本文編號：1814790