本文選題：區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定 + 公共利益��； 參考：《廣西師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)今的自由貿(mào)易區(qū)談判傾向于達成一個綜合性的協(xié)議,其范圍不但覆蓋貿(mào)易、投資、知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護、競爭和爭端解決等十分廣泛的領(lǐng)域,還可能會涉及能源合作、環(huán)境保護、勞工保護甚至政治對話等問題。而環(huán)境保護、勞工保護等非貿(mào)易問題則涉及到自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定中公共利益保護的內(nèi)容,在區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定中將貿(mào)易與環(huán)境、勞工、公共健康等公共利益保護相聯(lián)系是大勢所趨,但是目前與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的公共利益保護則沒有擺正地位,只側(cè)重于經(jīng)濟利益問題。 作者在分析區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定中公共利益保護的必要性之后,對各國的區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定尤其是中國簽訂的區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定總結(jié)出了四個機制：公共利益至上機制、公共利益運行機制、例外條款機制以及軟硬法機制四個機制。文章大致安排如下： 第一章節(jié),作者首先對區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定中保護公共利益的必要性進行分析,這是為后文做鋪墊的章節(jié)。本章從四個角度展開論述：第一個角度是從保護公共利益是區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定的正當(dāng)性基礎(chǔ)分析,因為區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定的正當(dāng)性在于反映民意和公共利益保護是區(qū)域內(nèi)人類共同生活的反映；第二個角度是從保護公共利益是區(qū)域可持續(xù)發(fā)展的必然要求分析,認為公共利益是區(qū)域可持續(xù)發(fā)展的倫理基礎(chǔ),又是公共利益是區(qū)域可持續(xù)發(fā)展的價值目標(biāo)；第三個角度是從保護公共利益是區(qū)域公共治理的現(xiàn)實需要,指出保護公共利益是區(qū)域公共治理的共同價值目標(biāo),公共利益決定了區(qū)域公共治理的多層次性；第四個角度是從保護公共利益是區(qū)域一體化的發(fā)展趨勢,區(qū)域一體化向公共利益相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)等領(lǐng)域擴展并且成為區(qū)域一體化的發(fā)展動力。 第二章節(jié),作者開始進入歸納總結(jié)區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定中公共利益保護機制的環(huán)節(jié)。第一個機制是公共利益至上機制,它以保護公共利益是區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定的立法宗旨之一、不降低公共利益保護水平原則、區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定的國家利益原則三個原則為支撐框架。區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定對公共利益保護的機制是一個健全的法律體系,首先從其立法宗旨開始引入公共利益保護問題,只有目的明確才能理順法律規(guī)范的思路和法律框架。公共利益之上機制并不與貿(mào)易自由價值相目標(biāo)沖突,因為貿(mào)易自由化是以國家為實施機構(gòu),國家利益與公共利益交織在一起。 第三章節(jié),主要論述區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定保護公共利益的運行機制,它總體上包括公共政策和透明度協(xié)調(diào)機制、市場運作機制、對國家經(jīng)濟主權(quán)的路徑依賴和信息保密四個制度。公共利益在區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定中表現(xiàn)為國家公共政策及其運行的透明要求。而市場運作機制就是要運用市場規(guī)律激發(fā)私人部門保護公共利益的積極性,積極引導(dǎo)企業(yè)在公益性質(zhì)行業(yè)的投資與合作使政府組織協(xié)調(diào)和市場機制兩只手有效結(jié)合起來,發(fā)揮各自優(yōu)勢來保護公共利益。還包括公共利益保護離不開國家經(jīng)濟主權(quán),對國家主權(quán)具有依賴性,國家主權(quán)就是區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定公共利益保護的基石。此外,對公共利益有重大影響的信息必須得到保護否則會侵害成員方社會公共利益。 第四章節(jié),介紹區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定中保護公共利益的例外條款機制。由于全球化的發(fā)展,世界各國已經(jīng)建立了WTO多邊貿(mào)易體制對國際經(jīng)濟進行規(guī)制,而區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定作為多邊體制內(nèi)的最惠國待遇原則的例外,不能脫離WTO框架。而世界各國的現(xiàn)實操作中出現(xiàn)了WTO和區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定兩套機制,它們例外條款機制相互借鑒共同發(fā)展。區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定的例外條款機制是在WTO例外機制的框架下的區(qū)域性運用,它吸收了WTO例外條款機制的優(yōu)秀因素基礎(chǔ)上,又結(jié)合本區(qū)域的實際情況對其補充和完善。但是,由于區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定的本身屬性的限制,在例外條款在司法實踐中卻出現(xiàn)了投資者挑戰(zhàn)東道國國家主權(quán)和仲裁爭端解決漠視公共利益的現(xiàn)象,例外條款沒有發(fā)揮其維護公共利益方面的應(yīng)有作用。 第五章節(jié),提到區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定中保護公共利益的軟法和硬法相結(jié)合機制,該機制是區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定中常用的保護機制。首先,對區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定中保護公共利益的軟法機制采用軟法的原因做出解釋,并總結(jié)軟法機制運作的具體內(nèi)容及其對區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定的積極作用。當(dāng)然,區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定內(nèi)的硬法機制是不言而喻的,它是通過給國家、企業(yè)組織和個人設(shè)定權(quán)利義務(wù)來發(fā)揮作用的�，F(xiàn)行世界各國區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定都有采用軟硬法相結(jié)合的機制不僅僅是針對公共利益而構(gòu)建和采用該機制。最后,作者認為應(yīng)該采用軟法與硬法的混合適用模式去促進公共利益的保護。 總之,在區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定方興未艾的情形下,區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定內(nèi)構(gòu)建和完善公共利益保護機制是區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定發(fā)展的要求。
[Abstract]:Trade and environment , labor , public health and other non - trade issues related to the protection of public interests in free trade agreements , but the protection of trade and environment , labor , public health and other non - trade issues in regional trade agreements is the trend of the general trend , but the current protection of trade - related public interests is not in place , focusing on economic interests .

After analyzing the necessity of the protection of public interest in regional trade agreement , the author summarizes the four mechanisms of regional trade agreement , especially the regional trade agreement signed by China : the first mechanism of public interest , the operation mechanism of public interest , the mechanism of exceptional clause and the mechanism of soft and hard law .

In the first chapter , the author analyzes the necessity of protecting the public interest in regional trade agreement , which is the chapter of laying the cushion for the latter . This chapter discusses from four angles : the first angle is the legitimacy base analysis of the regional trade agreement from the protection of public interest , because the legitimacy of regional trade agreement lies in that the protection of public interest and public interest is the reflection of the common life of mankind in the region ;
The second angle is that the public interest is the ethical basis of regional sustainable development , and the public interest is the value goal of regional sustainable development .
The third angle is that the protection of public interests is the real need of regional public governance , and points out that the protection of public interests is the common value goal of regional public governance , and the public interest determines the multi - level of regional public governance ;
The fourth angle is to protect the public interest from the development trend of regional integration , regional integration to the public interest - related industries and other fields , and become the development power of regional integration .

In the second chapter , the author begins to enter into the link of the public interest protection mechanism in the regional trade agreement . The first mechanism is that the public interest is the supreme mechanism , which is one of the legislative purposes of the regional trade agreement . The mechanism of the regional trade agreement to protect the public interest is a supporting frame . The mechanism of the regional trade agreement to protect the public interest is a sound legal system .

The third chapter mainly discusses the operation mechanism of the protection of public interest by regional trade agreement , which generally includes four systems of public policy and transparency coordination mechanism , market operation mechanism , path dependence on national economic sovereignty and information security .

With the development of globalization , the countries of the world have established the WTO multilateral trading system to regulate the international economy , and the regional trade agreement as the most favored treatment principle in the multilateral system can not be separated from the WTO framework .

Chapter V refers to the soft law and hard - law combination mechanism of protecting public interest in regional trade agreement . The mechanism is the common protection mechanism in regional trade agreement . First , it is self - evident that the soft law mechanism of protecting public interest in regional trade agreement plays an active role in regional trade agreement . Of course , the mechanism of hard law in regional trade agreement is self - evident . It is not only constructed and adopted for public interest by the mechanism of soft and hard law . At last , the author thinks that the mixed application mode of soft law and hard law should be adopted to promote the protection of public interest .

In short , the establishment and improvement of public interest protection mechanisms in regional trade agreements is a requirement for the development of regional trade agreements in the context of regional trade agreements .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D996.1

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