本文選題：區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定 + 公共利益��； 參考：《廣西師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)今的自由貿(mào)易區(qū)談判傾向于達(dá)成一個(gè)綜合性的協(xié)議,其范圍不但覆蓋貿(mào)易、投資、知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和爭(zhēng)端解決等十分廣泛的領(lǐng)域,還可能會(huì)涉及能源合作、環(huán)境保護(hù)、勞工保護(hù)甚至政治對(duì)話等問(wèn)題。而環(huán)境保護(hù)、勞工保護(hù)等非貿(mào)易問(wèn)題則涉及到自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定中公共利益保護(hù)的內(nèi)容,在區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定中將貿(mào)易與環(huán)境、勞工、公共健康等公共利益保護(hù)相聯(lián)系是大勢(shì)所趨,但是目前與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的公共利益保護(hù)則沒(méi)有擺正地位,只側(cè)重于經(jīng)濟(jì)利益問(wèn)題。 作者在分析區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定中公共利益保護(hù)的必要性之后,對(duì)各國(guó)的區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定尤其是中國(guó)簽訂的區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定總結(jié)出了四個(gè)機(jī)制：公共利益至上機(jī)制、公共利益運(yùn)行機(jī)制、例外條款機(jī)制以及軟硬法機(jī)制四個(gè)機(jī)制。文章大致安排如下： 第一章節(jié),作者首先對(duì)區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定中保護(hù)公共利益的必要性進(jìn)行分析,這是為后文做鋪墊的章節(jié)。本章從四個(gè)角度展開(kāi)論述：第一個(gè)角度是從保護(hù)公共利益是區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定的正當(dāng)性基礎(chǔ)分析,因?yàn)閰^(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定的正當(dāng)性在于反映民意和公共利益保護(hù)是區(qū)域內(nèi)人類共同生活的反映；第二個(gè)角度是從保護(hù)公共利益是區(qū)域可持續(xù)發(fā)展的必然要求分析,認(rèn)為公共利益是區(qū)域可持續(xù)發(fā)展的倫理基礎(chǔ),又是公共利益是區(qū)域可持續(xù)發(fā)展的價(jià)值目標(biāo)；第三個(gè)角度是從保護(hù)公共利益是區(qū)域公共治理的現(xiàn)實(shí)需要,指出保護(hù)公共利益是區(qū)域公共治理的共同價(jià)值目標(biāo),公共利益決定了區(qū)域公共治理的多層次性；第四個(gè)角度是從保護(hù)公共利益是區(qū)域一體化的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),區(qū)域一體化向公共利益相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)等領(lǐng)域擴(kuò)展并且成為區(qū)域一體化的發(fā)展動(dòng)力。 第二章節(jié),作者開(kāi)始進(jìn)入歸納總結(jié)區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定中公共利益保護(hù)機(jī)制的環(huán)節(jié)。第一個(gè)機(jī)制是公共利益至上機(jī)制,它以保護(hù)公共利益是區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定的立法宗旨之一、不降低公共利益保護(hù)水平原則、區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定的國(guó)家利益原則三個(gè)原則為支撐框架。區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定對(duì)公共利益保護(hù)的機(jī)制是一個(gè)健全的法律體系,首先從其立法宗旨開(kāi)始引入公共利益保護(hù)問(wèn)題,只有目的明確才能理順?lè)梢?guī)范的思路和法律框架。公共利益之上機(jī)制并不與貿(mào)易自由價(jià)值相目標(biāo)沖突,因?yàn)橘Q(mào)易自由化是以國(guó)家為實(shí)施機(jī)構(gòu),國(guó)家利益與公共利益交織在一起。 第三章節(jié),主要論述區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定保護(hù)公共利益的運(yùn)行機(jī)制,它總體上包括公共政策和透明度協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制、市場(chǎng)運(yùn)作機(jī)制、對(duì)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)主權(quán)的路徑依賴和信息保密四個(gè)制度。公共利益在區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定中表現(xiàn)為國(guó)家公共政策及其運(yùn)行的透明要求。而市場(chǎng)運(yùn)作機(jī)制就是要運(yùn)用市場(chǎng)規(guī)律激發(fā)私人部門保護(hù)公共利益的積極性,積極引導(dǎo)企業(yè)在公益性質(zhì)行業(yè)的投資與合作使政府組織協(xié)調(diào)和市場(chǎng)機(jī)制兩只手有效結(jié)合起來(lái),發(fā)揮各自優(yōu)勢(shì)來(lái)保護(hù)公共利益。還包括公共利益保護(hù)離不開(kāi)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)主權(quán),對(duì)國(guó)家主權(quán)具有依賴性,國(guó)家主權(quán)就是區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定公共利益保護(hù)的基石。此外,對(duì)公共利益有重大影響的信息必須得到保護(hù)否則會(huì)侵害成員方社會(huì)公共利益。 第四章節(jié),介紹區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定中保護(hù)公共利益的例外條款機(jī)制。由于全球化的發(fā)展,世界各國(guó)已經(jīng)建立了WTO多邊貿(mào)易體制對(duì)國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)行規(guī)制,而區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定作為多邊體制內(nèi)的最惠國(guó)待遇原則的例外,不能脫離WTO框架。而世界各國(guó)的現(xiàn)實(shí)操作中出現(xiàn)了WTO和區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定兩套機(jī)制,它們例外條款機(jī)制相互借鑒共同發(fā)展。區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定的例外條款機(jī)制是在WTO例外機(jī)制的框架下的區(qū)域性運(yùn)用,它吸收了WTO例外條款機(jī)制的優(yōu)秀因素基礎(chǔ)上,又結(jié)合本區(qū)域的實(shí)際情況對(duì)其補(bǔ)充和完善。但是,由于區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定的本身屬性的限制,在例外條款在司法實(shí)踐中卻出現(xiàn)了投資者挑戰(zhàn)東道國(guó)國(guó)家主權(quán)和仲裁爭(zhēng)端解決漠視公共利益的現(xiàn)象,例外條款沒(méi)有發(fā)揮其維護(hù)公共利益方面的應(yīng)有作用。 第五章節(jié),提到區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定中保護(hù)公共利益的軟法和硬法相結(jié)合機(jī)制,該機(jī)制是區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定中常用的保護(hù)機(jī)制。首先,對(duì)區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定中保護(hù)公共利益的軟法機(jī)制采用軟法的原因做出解釋,并總結(jié)軟法機(jī)制運(yùn)作的具體內(nèi)容及其對(duì)區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定的積極作用。當(dāng)然,區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定內(nèi)的硬法機(jī)制是不言而喻的,它是通過(guò)給國(guó)家、企業(yè)組織和個(gè)人設(shè)定權(quán)利義務(wù)來(lái)發(fā)揮作用的�，F(xiàn)行世界各國(guó)區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定都有采用軟硬法相結(jié)合的機(jī)制不僅僅是針對(duì)公共利益而構(gòu)建和采用該機(jī)制。最后,作者認(rèn)為應(yīng)該采用軟法與硬法的混合適用模式去促進(jìn)公共利益的保護(hù)。 總之,在區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定方興未艾的情形下,區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定內(nèi)構(gòu)建和完善公共利益保護(hù)機(jī)制是區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定發(fā)展的要求。
[Abstract]:Trade and environment , labor , public health and other non - trade issues related to the protection of public interests in free trade agreements , but the protection of trade and environment , labor , public health and other non - trade issues in regional trade agreements is the trend of the general trend , but the current protection of trade - related public interests is not in place , focusing on economic interests .

After analyzing the necessity of the protection of public interest in regional trade agreement , the author summarizes the four mechanisms of regional trade agreement , especially the regional trade agreement signed by China : the first mechanism of public interest , the operation mechanism of public interest , the mechanism of exceptional clause and the mechanism of soft and hard law .

In the first chapter , the author analyzes the necessity of protecting the public interest in regional trade agreement , which is the chapter of laying the cushion for the latter . This chapter discusses from four angles : the first angle is the legitimacy base analysis of the regional trade agreement from the protection of public interest , because the legitimacy of regional trade agreement lies in that the protection of public interest and public interest is the reflection of the common life of mankind in the region ;
The second angle is that the public interest is the ethical basis of regional sustainable development , and the public interest is the value goal of regional sustainable development .
The third angle is that the protection of public interests is the real need of regional public governance , and points out that the protection of public interests is the common value goal of regional public governance , and the public interest determines the multi - level of regional public governance ;
The fourth angle is to protect the public interest from the development trend of regional integration , regional integration to the public interest - related industries and other fields , and become the development power of regional integration .

In the second chapter , the author begins to enter into the link of the public interest protection mechanism in the regional trade agreement . The first mechanism is that the public interest is the supreme mechanism , which is one of the legislative purposes of the regional trade agreement . The mechanism of the regional trade agreement to protect the public interest is a supporting frame . The mechanism of the regional trade agreement to protect the public interest is a sound legal system .

The third chapter mainly discusses the operation mechanism of the protection of public interest by regional trade agreement , which generally includes four systems of public policy and transparency coordination mechanism , market operation mechanism , path dependence on national economic sovereignty and information security .

With the development of globalization , the countries of the world have established the WTO multilateral trading system to regulate the international economy , and the regional trade agreement as the most favored treatment principle in the multilateral system can not be separated from the WTO framework .

Chapter V refers to the soft law and hard - law combination mechanism of protecting public interest in regional trade agreement . The mechanism is the common protection mechanism in regional trade agreement . First , it is self - evident that the soft law mechanism of protecting public interest in regional trade agreement plays an active role in regional trade agreement . Of course , the mechanism of hard law in regional trade agreement is self - evident . It is not only constructed and adopted for public interest by the mechanism of soft and hard law . At last , the author thinks that the mixed application mode of soft law and hard law should be adopted to promote the protection of public interest .

In short , the establishment and improvement of public interest protection mechanisms in regional trade agreements is a requirement for the development of regional trade agreements in the context of regional trade agreements .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D996.1

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