本文選題：賠禮道歉 + 民事責(zé)任��； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：賠禮道歉原本屬于道德范疇，在人際交往中，有著緩解矛盾、解決糾紛、息事寧人的作用。我國民事法律獨樹一幟，將賠禮道歉作為非財產(chǎn)責(zé)任承擔(dān)方式，與停止侵害、排除妨礙、賠償損失等一并納入民事責(zé)任體系中，使其具有了道德與法律的雙重屬性，成為可由國家強(qiáng)制力保證實施的責(zé)任形式。此舉學(xué)界爭議不斷，但無論是對侵權(quán)人還是受害者來說，賠禮道歉都具有相當(dāng)積極正向的功能。鑒于此，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)結(jié)合侵權(quán)法功能的轉(zhuǎn)變趨勢，思考如何在侵權(quán)法上對賠禮道歉制度進(jìn)行更為合理的構(gòu)建，，以期物盡其用，充分發(fā)揮其在社會治理方面的正向功能。 根據(jù)這一思路，本文從四個部分展開論述： 第一部分梳理了國內(nèi)外關(guān)于賠禮道歉的相關(guān)規(guī)定，包括加拿大、美國、日本、韓國及臺灣地區(qū)，這些規(guī)定包括但不限于成文法。這些國家（地區(qū)）的法律雖然對賠禮道歉有所規(guī)定，但均未像我國一樣把賠禮道歉作為一種民事責(zé)任承擔(dān)方式在法律中予以明確規(guī)定。 第二部分從三個角度分析了賠禮道歉所具有的社會功能，從受害者角度看，賠禮道歉可以滿足報復(fù)欲望，彌補(bǔ)心理創(chuàng)傷；從侵權(quán)人角度考察，賠禮道歉可以使其恢復(fù)良心平靜，幫助其回歸社會；從社會角度考察，賠禮道歉可以規(guī)范社會秩序，教育社會成員，促進(jìn)糾紛解決。 第三部分分析了侵權(quán)法由硬及軟的轉(zhuǎn)變趨勢，以及賠禮道歉是如何在侵權(quán)法上實現(xiàn)其功能的，這些功能包括補(bǔ)償、預(yù)防、懲罰、教育等。此外還從賠禮道歉角度分析了以民事責(zé)任承擔(dān)方式多樣化應(yīng)對侵權(quán)法危機(jī)的可能性。 第四部分是賠禮道歉制度在侵權(quán)法上的構(gòu)建，合理設(shè)想賠禮道歉應(yīng)然的狀態(tài)。在法律效果設(shè)定上，切斷賠禮道歉與自認(rèn)的聯(lián)系，將賠禮道歉與減輕責(zé)任相聯(lián)系，以此來鼓勵侵權(quán)人積極主動地向受害者作出道歉，從而緩解矛盾，促進(jìn)糾紛解決，進(jìn)而減少訴訟，節(jié)約訴訟資源，實現(xiàn)社會和諧。此外還探討了賠禮道歉的適用范圍，除了適用于侵害人格權(quán)、財產(chǎn)權(quán)和知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的案件之外，賠禮道歉還應(yīng)該適用于包括官方侵權(quán)案件和大規(guī)模產(chǎn)品侵權(quán)案件在內(nèi)的特殊案件類型，只要符合本文關(guān)于賠禮道歉功能預(yù)設(shè)的案件，均可適用賠禮道歉制度。這一部分是關(guān)于賠禮道歉制度在侵權(quán)法上的合理構(gòu)想，以期能對賠禮道歉制度的完善有所裨益。
[Abstract]:Apology belongs to the category of morality. In interpersonal communication, it has the function of alleviating conflicts, resolving disputes and calming people down. The civil law of our country is unique, taking apology as the way of non-property liability, and bringing it into the civil liability system together with stopping the infringement, removing the obstruction and compensating for the loss, so that it has the dual attribute of morality and law. To become a form of responsibility that can be guaranteed by national enforcement. This action has been controversial in academic circles, but it has a positive and positive function for both the infringer and the victim. In view of this, we should consider how to construct the apology system in tort law in order to make the best use of it and give full play to its positive function in social governance. According to this idea, this paper discusses from four parts: The first part reviews the relevant domestic and international provisions on apology, including Canada, the United States, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan, these provisions include, but not limited to statutory law. Although the laws of these countries (regions) provide for apology, it is not clearly stipulated in the law as a way to bear civil liability. The second part analyzes the social function of apology from three angles. From the perspective of victims, apology can satisfy the desire of revenge and make up for psychological trauma. From the perspective of the infringer, apology can restore peace of conscience. From the social point of view, apology can regulate social order, educate social members and promote dispute resolution. The third part analyzes the change trend of tort law from hard to soft, and how to realize its function in tort law by apology. These functions include compensation, prevention, punishment, education and so on. In addition, it analyzes the possibility of dealing with tort law crisis in the way of civil liability from the angle of apology. The fourth part is the construction of apology system in tort law, reasonable assumption of the state of apology. In the aspect of legal effect setting, we should cut off the connection between apology and self-admission, link apology with lightening responsibility, so as to encourage the infringer to take the initiative to apologize to the victim, so as to alleviate the contradiction and promote the settlement of the dispute. Then reduce litigation, save litigation resources, achieve social harmony. In addition, it discusses the scope of application of apology, except in cases of infringement of personal rights, property rights and intellectual property rights, Apology should also be applied to special cases, including official infringement cases and large-scale product infringement cases, so long as it meets the presupposition of the function of apology in this article, the system of apology can be applied. This part is about the reasonable conception of apology system in tort law, in order to be helpful to the perfection of apology system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D923

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本文編號：1791190