本文選題：在先權(quán)利 + 定義��； 參考：《華東政法大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：知識產(chǎn)權(quán)作為一種無形知產(chǎn)，其價值逐漸增大，并且受到社會的廣泛關(guān)注。由此，也產(chǎn)生了一些權(quán)利沖突的狀況。商標(biāo)權(quán)與其他在先權(quán)利的沖突就是較為具有代表性的一種沖突。我國《商標(biāo)法》第9條、第31條都規(guī)定商標(biāo)注冊不得侵犯他人的在先權(quán)利。 第一章主要介紹了關(guān)于在先權(quán)利的定義及特征、范圍，并對在先權(quán)利進(jìn)行了分類。在先權(quán)利就是在注冊商標(biāo)申請日或優(yōu)先權(quán)日前，已經(jīng)合法有效存在的，可以對抗在后權(quán)利，禁止在后商標(biāo)權(quán)產(chǎn)生的民事權(quán)利。在先權(quán)利必須具有的三個特征就是：時間的在先行；沖突的可能性；權(quán)利對抗的相對性。只有符合這三個特征才是商標(biāo)法所稱的在先權(quán)利。在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，可能成為在先權(quán)利主要有三類：第一類是標(biāo)記性權(quán)利，主要有在先商標(biāo)權(quán)、商號權(quán)等；第二類是其他知識產(chǎn)權(quán)，主要有著作權(quán)、外觀設(shè)計(jì)專利權(quán)。第三類是其他的民事權(quán)利，主要有姓名權(quán)、肖像權(quán)等。 第二章論述了認(rèn)定申請注冊的商標(biāo)是否侵犯在先權(quán)利的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。其中標(biāo)記類權(quán)利需要考慮的是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就是混淆。其他民事權(quán)利也需要考慮混淆情況，但兩個混淆產(chǎn)生的基礎(chǔ)不同，標(biāo)記類權(quán)利是如果該商標(biāo)被注冊會產(chǎn)生混淆，而其他民事權(quán)利探討的重點(diǎn)是因?yàn)闄?quán)利本身不具有排他性，基于此使用該權(quán)利也會造成的混淆。其他的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)是無需考慮混淆的情形的，但難點(diǎn)在于提供證據(jù)證明權(quán)利的存在，尤其是對于著作權(quán)的認(rèn)定。在實(shí)踐中，著作權(quán)的認(rèn)定主要有以下的方式：生效的判決書；版權(quán)登記證明；已發(fā)表情況等。 第三章論述我國現(xiàn)有的商標(biāo)注冊侵犯在先權(quán)利的方式。主要是公告期內(nèi)的異議和五年內(nèi)的撤銷權(quán)。但現(xiàn)有方式有很多的不足，主要是沒有解決未注冊成功的侵權(quán)問題；撤銷權(quán)缺少明知或者應(yīng)知的要素；主觀要件的區(qū)分不合理。 第四章論述商標(biāo)注冊侵犯在先權(quán)利的解決方式。根據(jù)商標(biāo)是否被核準(zhǔn)注冊分為兩種情況來探討解決方式。一類是未被注冊成功的情況下，在此基礎(chǔ)上根據(jù)上文的分類，探討不同類型權(quán)利受侵害和解決的方式。第二類是商標(biāo)注冊成功，被授予商標(biāo)權(quán)。此時需要根據(jù)在先權(quán)利撤銷該商標(biāo)權(quán)。在善意的情況下需要遵循以下三個原則：尊重在先權(quán)利、效率原則和權(quán)利失效原則。這三個原則也有其適用順序的。首先應(yīng)該尊重在先權(quán)利，在此基礎(chǔ)上，如果該商標(biāo)的價值遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于在先權(quán)利本身，應(yīng)遵循效率的原則，，并不應(yīng)該一概撤銷在先權(quán)利。在此情況下應(yīng)該支付在先權(quán)利人一定的許可費(fèi)用，該費(fèi)用應(yīng)該至少是同類權(quán)利許可費(fèi)用的2倍。權(quán)利時效原則是一個例外原則，如果權(quán)利人在明知權(quán)利受侵害并且默認(rèn)該侵害五年的時間，則視為權(quán)利人默許商標(biāo)權(quán)人的使用。
[Abstract]:Intellectual property as an intangible property, its value increases gradually, and is widely concerned by the society. As a result, there are also some conflicts of rights. The conflict between trademark right and other prior rights is a more representative conflict. Articles 9 and 31 of our Trademark Law stipulate that trademark registration shall not infringe upon the prior rights of others. The first chapter mainly introduces the definition, characteristics and scope of prior rights, and classifies them. The prior right is a civil right that exists legally and effectively before the date of filing for a registered trademark or the date of priority, and can counteract the post-right and prohibit the civil rights arising from the post-trademark right. The first rights must have three characteristics: the time in advance, the possibility of conflict, and the relativity of right confrontation. Only in accordance with these three characteristics is the trademark law as a priori right. In real life, there are three kinds of possible rights: the first kind is marked right, mainly has the trademark right, the trade name right and so on; the second kind is the other intellectual property right, mainly has the copyright, the appearance design patent right. The third category is other civil rights, mainly the right to a name, the right to portrait, and so on. The second chapter discusses the criteria for determining whether the trademark applied for registration infringes the prior right. Among them mark class right needs to consider is standard is confused. Other civil rights also need to be considered for confusion, but the basis for the two confuses is different. The tagging right is confusing if the trademark is registered, while other civil rights are concerned with the fact that the rights themselves are not exclusive. The use of this right based on this would also create confusion. Other intellectual property rights do not need to consider the confusion, but the difficulty is to provide evidence to prove the existence of rights, especially for copyright recognition. In practice, the main ways to identify copyright are as follows: effective judgment, copyright registration certificate, published situation and so on. The third chapter discusses the way of trademark registration in China. It is the objection of announcement period and the right of rescission within five years. However, there are many shortcomings in the existing methods, mainly the failure to solve the problem of unregistered infringement; the lack of knowledge or knowledge of the right of rescission; the unreasonable distinction between subjective elements. The fourth chapter discusses the solution of trademark registration infringing on the prior right. According to whether the trademark is approved registration is divided into two situations to explore the solution. On the basis of the above classification, this paper discusses the ways of infringement and solution of different types of rights in the absence of successful registration. The second category is the successful registration of trademarks and the granting of trademark rights. It is necessary to revoke the trademark right according to the prior right. In good faith, the following three principles should be followed: respecting prior rights, efficiency and invalidation of rights. These three principles also have their order of application. On the basis of this, if the value of the trademark is much higher than the prior right itself, the principle of efficiency should be followed, and the prior right should not be revoked altogether. In this case, a certain licence fee shall be paid to the prior right holder, which shall be at least twice the cost of the same right licence. The principle of limitation of rights is an exceptional principle. If the obligee is aware of the infringement and acquiesces to the infringement for five years, the obligee acquiesces to the use of the trademark owner.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D923.43

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