本文選題：全球衛(wèi)星導航系統(tǒng) + 可用性�。� 參考：《上海交通大學》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：在全球導航衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)(GNSS)得到廣泛應用的今天，國民經濟各領域對衛(wèi)星導航的依賴程度逐漸增大，與此同時衛(wèi)星導航的一些不足之處也日漸受到關注。在可用性、完好性、定位精度和連續(xù)性這四大指標中除連續(xù)性參數(shù)能夠滿足需要外，其他三者都存在不足。可用性的不足體現(xiàn)在因星座幾何布局、信號遮蔽等因素造成的信號覆蓋不足，城市與室內應用受限；完好性的不足體現(xiàn)在尚不能滿足涉及生命安全的特定應用領域對完好性的需求；定位精度不足則是指普通用戶希望能以低廉的成本獲得更高精度的定位服務。如何基于現(xiàn)有的導航系統(tǒng)基礎設施與用戶設備，改善與提高GNSS綜合服務性能，是當前學界的研究熱點，也是各導航衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)供應商的工作重點。國際衛(wèi)星導航委員會還專門成立了服務性能提升工作組，專門討論性能增強相關問題，，致力于尋求解決方案。 本文就GNSS性能增強主題，重點針對可用性、完好性和精度三大指標的不足，分別以偽衛(wèi)星為技術手段，深入研究了偽衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)及其組網(wǎng)與定位算法，以改善GNSS信號覆蓋的不足，提高可用性；基于星間鏈路及星間測距技術方案，提出了衛(wèi)星自主完好性監(jiān)測與星歷增強方法，以提高完好性和精度。論文還提出了一種新型的工作于光學頻段、基于到達時間差算法的定位系統(tǒng)理論與方案，以更好得解決室內定位的難題。本文的主要研究工作和方法體現(xiàn)在五個方面： （1）對偽衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)的理論與應用進行了梳理，對偽衛(wèi)星應用的兼容、定位解算等問題進行了分析與探討。 （2）研究了偽衛(wèi)星組網(wǎng)定位算法，提出了獨立偽衛(wèi)星單點定位算法；設計開發(fā)了單體偽衛(wèi)星硬件與組網(wǎng)軟件，搭建了一個偽衛(wèi)星定位的演示驗證系統(tǒng)，用于算法驗證。 （4）研究了GNSS的完好性，提出了基于星間測距的衛(wèi)星自主完好性監(jiān)測算法。 （5）研究并提出了基于星間測距的衛(wèi)星自主星歷增強算法。 （6）分析并對比了基于各類不同物理量、不同原理的定位方法，提出了基于到達時間差的光定位方法，并對其中的相關理論與實現(xiàn)問題進行了探討。 本論文研究的關鍵技術和創(chuàng)新點主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面： （1）提出了獨立偽衛(wèi)星單點定位算法連同所需的初始化方法，并進行了仿真驗證。該算法開拓了偽衛(wèi)星的新應用領域，同時還具有延伸到基于各種機會信號SOOP定位應用的潛力。 （2）獨立研制了一套包括完整軟、硬件的具有自主知識產權的偽衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)，既能用于構建具有實用價值的室內外定位系統(tǒng)，還能夠用以研究與驗證各類相關的偽衛(wèi)星定位技術與算法。 （3）提出了基于星間鏈路的衛(wèi)星自主完好性監(jiān)測算法，給出了推導、方法以及性能指標。該算法能夠與地面完好性監(jiān)測、用戶自主完好性監(jiān)測等方法一同提高衛(wèi)星導航系統(tǒng)的完好性。 （4）提出了基于星間鏈路的衛(wèi)星自主星歷增強算法，給出了推導、方法與仿真結果。該算法能夠在不依賴地面監(jiān)測站的前提下，顯著提高衛(wèi)星星歷精度。 （5）提出了利用光學頻段進行到達時間差方法的室內定位。分析了使用光學頻段的優(yōu)勢，并針對其特點探討了系統(tǒng)方案、所使用的測距碼以及接收處理方案等問題。 基于上述研究內容，本論文的研究結論包括： （1）偽衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)作為GNSS系統(tǒng)的增強與補充，能夠發(fā)揮很大的作用，在室內、城市等應用場合，提供與GNSS相當甚至更優(yōu)的定位能力。 （2）利用GNSS衛(wèi)星所擁有的星間測距功能，通過論文所給的自主完好性監(jiān)測算法，能夠在星座間實現(xiàn)自主監(jiān)測，進一步提高完好性；在進行自主星歷增強時，可將用戶等效定位誤差（URE）由1.05m降至0.34m。 （3）基于光頻段的室內定位系統(tǒng)具有精度高、無電磁干擾等諸多優(yōu)點，具有很大的發(fā)展空間與應用價值。
[Abstract]:In the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) has been widely used in various fields of the national economy today, reliance on satellite navigation is gradually increased, at the same time some shortcomings of satellite navigation also has attracted much attention. In the availability, integrity, the four indicators of the positioning accuracy and continuity in addition to continuous parameters to meet the needs of foreign and the other three are insufficient. Lack of availability is reflected in the constellation for geometric layout, signal shielding signal caused by insufficient coverage, city and indoor application is limited; lack of integrity is reflected in the still can not meet the specific application to life safety of readiness requirements; positioning accuracy refers to the general lack of users want to get more accurate positioning service with low cost. Based on the existing navigation system infrastructure and user equipment, to improve and enhance the comprehensive GNSS. Service performance is a hot topic in current academic circles. It is also the focal point of every navigation satellite system supplier. The International Navigation Satellite Committee has set up a service performance improvement working group, focusing on performance enhancement related issues, and is committed to finding solutions.
This paper focuses on the theme of enhancing GNSS performance, availability, lack of integrity and accuracy of the three indicators, respectively by pseudo satellite technology, in-depth study of the pseudo satellite system and its networking and positioning algorithm, to improve the GNSS signal coverage, improve the availability; based on the inter satellite link and inter satellite ranging technology plan put forward to enhance the method of Satellite Autonomous Integrity Monitoring and ephemeris, to improve the integrity and accuracy. The paper also puts forward a new type of work in the optical band, the theory and scheme of positioning system based on time difference of arrival algorithm, to solve the problem of better indoor location. The main research work and methods of this paper are reflected in the five aspects:
(1) the theory and application of the pseudo satellite positioning system are combed, the compatibility of the pseudo satellite application and the location solution are analyzed and discussed.
(2) the algorithm of pseudorandom network localization is studied, and the algorithm of single point positioning is put forward. The hardware and Networking software of the single satellite are designed and developed, and a demonstration and verification system of pseudo satellite positioning is set up for algorithm validation.
(4) the integrity of GNSS is studied, and a satellite autonomous integrity monitoring algorithm based on inter satellite distance measurement is proposed.
(5) a satellite ephemeris enhancement algorithm based on INTERSTAR distance measurement is proposed and proposed.
(6) we analyzed and compared the localization methods based on all kinds of physical quantities and different principles. We proposed the optical location method based on the time difference of arrival, and discussed the related theories and implementation problems.
The key technologies and innovation points in this paper are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
(1) a single point positioning algorithm with independent pseudorandom is proposed, together with the required initialization method, and verified by simulation. The algorithm opens up the new application area of pseudorandom, and also extends to the potential application of SOOP location based on all kinds of chance signals.
(2) independently developed a complete set of hardware and software independent intellectual property rights of the pseudo-satellite positioning system, which can be used to build practical indoor and outdoor positioning system, but also can be used to research and verify all kinds of related pseudo satellite positioning technology and algorithm.
(3) a satellite autonomous integrity monitoring algorithm based on inter satellite links is proposed. The derivation, method and performance index are given. The algorithm can improve the integrity of the satellite navigation system with the methods of integrity monitoring and user integrity monitoring.
(4) a satellite based autonomous ephemeris enhancement algorithm based on inter satellite links is proposed. The derivation, method and simulation results are given. The algorithm can significantly improve the accuracy of satellite ephemeris without relying on ground monitoring stations.
(5) put forward the indoor location method using optical frequency band to reach the time difference of arrival. The advantage of using optical frequency band is analyzed, and the system plan, the ranging code and the receiving and processing plan are discussed according to its characteristics.
Based on the above research content, the conclusions of this paper include:
(1) the pseudorandom system can play a great role in enhancing and supplementation of GNSS system. It can provide a comparable or even better location capability in GNSS and indoor applications.
(2) using the GNSS satellite have inter satellite ranging function, through the autonomous integrity monitoring algorithm, can realize the independent monitoring in the constellation, to further improve the readiness; in their ephemeris can be enhanced when the user equivalent positioning error (URE) from 1.05M to 0.34m.
(3) the indoor positioning system based on optical frequency band has many advantages, such as high precision, no electromagnetic interference and so on. It has great development space and application value.

【學位授予單位】：上海交通大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TN96.1

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