本文選題：專利商業(yè)化 + 專利市場(chǎng)�。� 參考：《武漢理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：在商品交易市場(chǎng)中，有一些資產(chǎn)借助許多正在繁榮發(fā)展的中間機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行交易，例如房產(chǎn)、金融產(chǎn)品、書籍和電子設(shè)備以及各種各樣的有形物。但知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)卻有別于這些商品。知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)市場(chǎng)一直被認(rèn)為是經(jīng)濟(jì)交易活動(dòng)中最為龐大的，然而其效率是最低的市場(chǎng)。知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)市場(chǎng)高度的流動(dòng)性原因顯而易見：知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)是無形的，難以對(duì)其價(jià)值進(jìn)行精確地估量。此外知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)市場(chǎng)中的交易雙方（發(fā)明者、專利所有人以及經(jīng)營(yíng)公司或?qū)＠褂谜�、購買者）都需要承擔(dān)昂貴的檢索，人力、財(cái)力和時(shí)間成本，而且專利訴訟的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)使得所有潛在參與者都極為小心謹(jǐn)慎的從事商業(yè)活動(dòng)。這樣的環(huán)境下，催生了許多不同的專利商業(yè)化模式，包括專利經(jīng)營(yíng)模式、防衛(wèi)專利集中模式和進(jìn)攻專利集中模式，其中專利經(jīng)營(yíng)模式使得知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)市場(chǎng)具有一定的活躍性；防衛(wèi)專利集中模式提高了專利價(jià)值的透明度，有效的阻止了專利主張實(shí)體的訴訟主張；進(jìn)攻專利集中模式與專利市場(chǎng)中創(chuàng)新的機(jī)制背道而馳，其從某種程度上阻礙了專利市場(chǎng)中參與者持續(xù)創(chuàng)新的積極性。 首先，本文通過對(duì)當(dāng)下專利利用方式、專利環(huán)境的動(dòng)態(tài)分析，得出專利價(jià)值評(píng)估的復(fù)雜性。專利價(jià)值的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式日益的多元化，為眾多專利商業(yè)化模式的出現(xiàn)提供了基礎(chǔ)條件。 其次，通過對(duì)不同的專利商業(yè)化模式分析，其利用專利和評(píng)估專利價(jià)值方式的不同，厘清了不同的專利商業(yè)化模式對(duì)專利制度、專利市場(chǎng)以及創(chuàng)新體系的影響。專利市場(chǎng)中的主要參與者可以分為買方、賣方與中間商。其中專利集中者，授權(quán)/訴訟公司（PAEs，或稱為專利主張實(shí)體）屬于買方；私人公司（策略性賣出非核心專利）、個(gè)人發(fā)明者，以及中間商（包括私人經(jīng)紀(jì)人、公開拍賣、線上交易與直接面對(duì)面交易）屬于賣方。它們以不同的方式利用專利的價(jià)值，在專利市場(chǎng)中扮演著不同的角色，起著不同的作用——主要包括：積極地阻止其他的公司復(fù)制、生產(chǎn)、銷售或許諾銷售其產(chǎn)品、方法；在遭遇專利訴訟時(shí)，提出申辯抗訴；企業(yè)自身創(chuàng)新文化的彰顯；向潛在的投資者展示公司保護(hù)核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力、創(chuàng)新資產(chǎn)的強(qiáng)大能力。 再次，專利商業(yè)化的行為模式，在國(guó)內(nèi)外的發(fā)展程度。本文系統(tǒng)的分析了專利商業(yè)化的商業(yè)在美國(guó)目前的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r，以及現(xiàn)行抑制進(jìn)攻專利集中模式的法案、案例的研究，具體分析進(jìn)攻專利集中模式的行為模式；我國(guó)專利商業(yè)化的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，以及提出在應(yīng)對(duì)專利轉(zhuǎn)移問題時(shí)，其對(duì)專利創(chuàng)新宗旨的影響，和可以借鑒的建議、方式。 最后，本文還提出我國(guó)在規(guī)范專利商業(yè)化模式時(shí)的政策建議。針對(duì)專利轉(zhuǎn)讓、專利許可和專利戰(zhàn)略，提出我國(guó)專利法律體系中，，應(yīng)該予以增加、修改和完善之處，希望對(duì)我國(guó)專利商業(yè)化未來的發(fā)展，提供可借鑒之參考。
[Abstract]:In the commodity market, some assets are traded by many booming intermediaries, such as real estate, financial products, books and electronic equipment, and a variety of tangible goods.But intellectual property is different from these goods.The intellectual property market has long been considered the largest in economic activity, but its efficiency is the lowest.The reason for the high level of liquidity in the intellectual property market is obvious: intellectual property is invisible and difficult to accurately measure its value.In addition, both parties to the intellectual property market (inventors, patent owners, and operating companies or patent users, buyers) bear costly search, human, financial, and time costs.And the risk of patent litigation makes all potential participants extremely cautious about doing business.In this environment, there are many different modes of patent commercialization, including patent management mode, defense patent centralized mode and attack patent centralized mode, in which patent management mode makes the intellectual property market active.The mode of defending patent centralization enhances the transparency of patent value and effectively prevents the litigation claims of patent claims entity; attacking patent centralization mode runs counter to the mechanism of innovation in the patent market.To some extent, it hinders the enthusiasm of the participants in the patent market for sustained innovation.First of all, the complexity of patent value evaluation is obtained through dynamic analysis of current patent utilization mode and patent environment.The diversification of patent value provides the basic conditions for the emergence of many patent commercialization modes.Secondly, by analyzing the different modes of patent commercialization, the author clarifies the influence of different modes of patent commercialization on patent system, patent market and innovation system.The main participants in the patent market can be divided into buyers, sellers and middlemen.Among them, patent concentrators, authorized / litigant companies, or patent claims entities, belong to the buyer; private companies (strategic sale of non-core patents, individual inventors, and intermediaries (including private brokers) are publicly auctioned,Online transactions and direct face-to-face transactions) belong to the seller.They use the value of patents in different ways, play different roles and play different roles in the patent market, mainly including: actively preventing other companies from copying, producing, selling or promising to sell their products, methods;In the case of patent litigation, the author puts forward the defense and protest; demonstrates the innovation culture of the enterprise itself; and shows the potential investors the strong ability of the company to protect the core competitiveness and innovate assets.Thirdly, the behavior mode of patent commercialization is developed at home and abroad.This paper systematically analyzes the current development of commercial patent business in the United States, as well as the current law of restraining the attack patent centralized mode, the case study, the specific analysis of the attack patent centralized mode of behavior model;The present situation of the commercialization of patent in our country, and the influence on the aim of patent innovation in dealing with the problem of patent transfer, and the suggestions and ways that can be used for reference are put forward.Finally, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions when standardizing the mode of patent commercialization in China.In view of patent transfer, patent license and patent strategy, this paper puts forward that the patent legal system of our country should be increased, modified and perfected, hoping to provide reference for the future development of the commercialization of patent in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D923.42

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