本文選題：生物除草劑 + 菌株QZ-2000��； 參考：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：敵散克(Disancu)是利用馬唐致病型菌株畫眉草彎孢霉(Curvularia eragrostidis)QZ-2000發(fā)展的生物除草劑,其主要生物活性成分為QZ-2000的分生孢子。前期研究表明QZ-2000對馬唐、千金子、稗草等禾本科雜草的致病力強,對玉米、大豆等主要農(nóng)作物安全,易于工業(yè)化生產(chǎn),且具有自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)。因此,具有開發(fā)成商品化生物除草劑的良好前景。本文在前期的研究基礎(chǔ)上對QZ-2000分生孢子的大批量生產(chǎn)、敵散克的配方和劑型等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進行了改進,為將來敵散克的產(chǎn)業(yè)化和推廣應(yīng)用提供一定的理論基礎(chǔ)和技術(shù)支持。 QZ-2000需要在無菌條件下進行培養(yǎng)及分生孢子生產(chǎn),用常壓滅菌替代高壓滅菌,能夠降低生物除草劑的大批量的生產(chǎn)對生產(chǎn)設(shè)備的要求,從而降低成本。在設(shè)計25min到65min間隔10min的處理梯度的試驗研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著滅菌時間的延長對QZ-2000菌落生長大小及生長狀況、產(chǎn)孢量、孢子萌發(fā)率、孢子致病力均有顯著促進作用,在45min以上時,這種效應(yīng)趨于最大。因此,綜合考慮成本和效果,最終確定了常壓滅菌45mmin,可進行實際生產(chǎn)。 敵散克生物除草劑需要與化學(xué)除草劑復(fù)配才能發(fā)揮良好的除草效果,利用有機酸復(fù)配可以替代低量化學(xué)除草劑,使產(chǎn)品完全有機化。通過草酸、乙酸與孢子的相容性試驗,結(jié)果表明8750ppm及其以下濃度的草酸與孢子復(fù)配的孢子萌發(fā)率為72.86%或更高,8000ppm及其以下濃度的乙酸復(fù)配孢子的萌發(fā)率達(dá)到50%以上。進一步進行了不同有機酸濃度梯度的小杯和盆缽的除草活性試驗,結(jié)果表明,1000ppm-4000ppm草酸與孢子的復(fù)配劑在14天后對馬唐的株防效分別在80%和70%以下,但是8000ppm草酸與孢子的復(fù)配劑防效在90%和70%以上；1000ppm-4000ppm乙酸與孢子的復(fù)配劑在14天后對馬唐的株防效分別在72%和70%以下,8000ppm乙酸與孢子的復(fù)配劑防效在90%和60%以上。有機酸與孢子復(fù)配具有明顯增效作用,可用于田間防除試驗。 繼而進行了敵散克與有機酸復(fù)配田間控草的試驗,結(jié)果顯示在小區(qū)和大田試驗中草酸濃度為1000ppm-4000ppm時馬唐第四周防效在60%和71%以下,當(dāng)草酸濃度為8000ppm時,小區(qū)和大田試驗的8000ppm草酸與孢子的復(fù)配劑第四周防效分別在70%和80%以上,復(fù)配劑增效明顯；乙酸濃度為1000ppm-4000ppm時馬唐第四周防效在60%和65%以下,但8000ppm乙酸復(fù)配劑防效在65%和70%以上。綜合考慮成本、效果等因素最終確定有機酸濃度為8000ppm在田間達(dá)到較好的控草效果,有一定的應(yīng)用價值。 前期研制的敵散克油包水劑型實際應(yīng)用中操作不便利且效果不穩(wěn)定。利用復(fù)合凝聚法制備的微囊劑可克服這些問題。研究了制備QZ-2000微囊劑的方法,確定了助劑添加—攪拌—酸化—冷凍干燥工藝流程,篩選出水油質(zhì)量比為1：1.67,明膠、阿拉伯樹膠濃度為2%,卵磷脂濃度為油質(zhì)量的10%的助劑配比,微囊劑成型受攪拌和酸化時間影響。微囊劑的孢子萌發(fā)率、致病率測定也表明其有利于保持較強致病力。結(jié)果表明,在離體葉片實驗中,孢子濃度為6x105個/ml及以上時,致病率達(dá)93%以上。小杯實驗中,孢子濃度為1x106個/ml時孢子對馬唐的株防效為82.3%。盆缽實驗中,1000ppm-4000ppm有機酸與微囊劑復(fù)配株防效和鮮重防效分別為70%和85%以下,而6000ppm-8000ppm的復(fù)配劑株防效和鮮重防效分別約為80%和90%以上1000ppm-8000ppm的乙酸復(fù)配劑的防效均在60%以下。 綜上所述,一個合適的配方劑型,可以在一定程度上克服生物除草劑對濕度的依賴性。將有機酸與生物除草劑相結(jié)合,則可以提高生物除草劑的控草效果。將生物除草劑制成微囊劑,能夠提高藥效,提高生物除草劑的穩(wěn)定性,并延長持效期。
[Abstract]:Disancu is a kind of biological herbicide developed by Curvularia erstistidis QZ - 2000 , and its main biological active ingredient is QZ - 2000 . The preliminary study shows that QZ - 2000 is safe for main crops such as Ma Tang , Qianjin and Echinochloa galli , and has independent intellectual property rights .

QZ - 2000 needs to be cultured under aseptic conditions and conidium production . It is possible to reduce cost by replacing high - pressure sterilization with normal pressure sterilization . It is found that the growth and growth of QZ - 2000 colonies can be reduced with the extension of sterilization time . Therefore , the effect tends to be the biggest with the extension of sterilization time . Therefore , the cost and effect are considered comprehensively . Therefore , 45mmin at normal pressure is finally determined and the actual production can be carried out .

The experiment of compatibility between oxalic acid , acetic acid and spore showed that the spore germination rate of the compound spore was 72.86 % or higher , 8000 ppm and the following concentration were below 50 % . The results showed that the effect of 1000 ppm - 4000ppm of oxalic acid and spore was 80 % and 70 % respectively , but the anti - efficacy of the compound of 8000 ppm oxalic acid and spore was over 90 % and 70 % respectively .
The anti - efficacy of 1000 ppm - 4000ppm acetic acid and spore was 72 % and 70 % after 14 days , and the anti - efficacy of 8000 ppm acetic acid and spore was over 90 % and 60 % respectively . The combination of organic acids and spores had obvious synergistic effect and could be used in field control experiment .

The results show that when the concentration of oxalic acid is 1000ppm -4000ppm in cell and field test , the anti - effectiveness is below 60 % and 71 % when the oxalic acid concentration is 1000ppm -4000ppm . When the oxalic acid concentration is 8000 ppm , the four - week anti - effectiveness of the compound of 8000 ppm oxalic acid and spore in the cell and field test is 70 % and 80 % , respectively , and the synergistic effect is obvious ;
When the concentration of acetic acid is 1000ppm -4000ppm , the anti - effectiveness is below 60 % and 65 % , but the anti - effectiveness of 8000 ppm acetic acid complex is over 65 % and 70 % . Considering the cost , effect and other factors , it is determined that the concentration of organic acid is 8000 ppm .

A method for preparing QZ - 2000 microcapsule was studied . The results showed that when the concentration of spore was 1 鈭，

本文編號：1761914