本文選題：先用權(quán)　切入點：抗辯權(quán)　出處：《西南政法大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：專利制度是最早被立法者所認(rèn)可并建立的一項知識產(chǎn)權(quán)制度，1同時因其所調(diào)整的是生產(chǎn)力中最為活躍的要素，在各類知識產(chǎn)權(quán)制度中又是一項“最年輕”，“最有活力”的制度。2它的建立推動了科學(xué)技術(shù)的進步，促進了新技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，將科學(xué)技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化為強大的生產(chǎn)力，進而促進了經(jīng)濟的飛速發(fā)展和社會的進步。但是由于絕大多數(shù)國家采取先申請制，即對于同樣的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造，，將專利權(quán)授予最先提出申請的人，這樣可能出現(xiàn)的問題是：真正的第一個作出該發(fā)明創(chuàng)造的人可能因未及時提出申請而無法獲得專利權(quán)。這對那些先發(fā)明人來說是不公平的，會挫傷人們進行技術(shù)開發(fā)的積極性，也與《專利法》“鼓勵發(fā)明創(chuàng)造，提高創(chuàng)新能力，促進科學(xué)技術(shù)進步和經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展”的立法目的不相符合。因此有必要建立一個合理的平衡制度來保護先發(fā)明人的權(quán)利，這個平衡制度就是先用權(quán)制度。 我國專利法第69條第（2）項規(guī)定了先用權(quán)制度，2009年頒布并從2010年1月開始實施的《最高人民法院關(guān)于審理侵犯專利權(quán)糾紛案件應(yīng)用法律若干問題的解釋》對先用權(quán)制度又進行了進一步完善。但目前實踐中利用先用權(quán)抗辯成功的案例很少，學(xué)術(shù)界對先用權(quán)的研究也不十分充分。對于先用權(quán)的性質(zhì)、“原有范圍”、“相同產(chǎn)品和方法”、“必要準(zhǔn)備”、“繼續(xù)使用、制造”等概念還存在很多爭議。對先用權(quán)抗辯在實際應(yīng)用中需要注意的問題還沒有深入探討。 本文將從應(yīng)用性角度出發(fā)，首先就先用權(quán)的基本理論進行闡述，包括概念和性質(zhì)等方面，然后再闡述產(chǎn)生先用權(quán)的條件、先用權(quán)的效力，最后探討在運用先用權(quán)進行抗辯時需要注意的問題。在筆者本人提出的主要觀點或者贊同的觀點之后，均列舉實踐中的真實案例予以佐證，緊扣應(yīng)用這個基本出發(fā)點。 第一部分為先用權(quán)的基本理論。首先，簡介先用權(quán)的概念。其次，分析先用權(quán)的性質(zhì)，該部分為本章的重點，確定先用權(quán)的性質(zhì)是明確獲得先用權(quán)的條件以及適用先用權(quán)范圍的基礎(chǔ)。最后，介紹其他國家的先用權(quán)制度，為我國繼續(xù)完善先用權(quán)制度提供不同的思路。 第二部分為先用權(quán)的產(chǎn)生條件。從先用權(quán)產(chǎn)生的時間條件、地域條件、被實施發(fā)明創(chuàng)造的來源以及先用行為的具體范圍等方面明確具備哪些條件才能享有先用權(quán)。本章中先用行為的具體界定是論述的重點。 第三部分為先用權(quán)的效力。在具備先用權(quán)產(chǎn)生的條件，獲得了先用權(quán)之后，在享受先用權(quán)時不是毫無邊界的，先用權(quán)有它自身的效力范圍。特別要明確原有范圍的含義以及繼續(xù)制造、使用的含義。 第四部分為先用權(quán)抗辯。重點介紹在專利糾紛中如何適用先用權(quán)抗辯。
[Abstract]:Patent system is an intellectual property system that was first recognized and established by the legislator. At the same time, because of its adjustment, it is the most active element in the productive forces, and it is also the "youngest" among all kinds of intellectual property rights systems.The establishment of the "most dynamic" system has promoted the progress of science and technology, promoted the application of new technologies, and transformed science and technology into strong productive forces, thus promoting the rapid development of economy and the progress of society.But because most countries apply first, that is, for the same inventions, patent rights are granted to the first applicant.The problem is that the real first person who made the invention may not be able to obtain a patent because he failed to file his application in time.This is unfair to the first inventors, discourages people's enthusiasm for technological development, and the Patent Law "encourages invention and improves innovation."The legislative purpose of promoting scientific and technological progress and economic and social development is inconsistent.Therefore, it is necessary to establish a reasonable balance system to protect the rights of the first inventor.Article 69 (2) of the Patent Law of China provides for the system of preemptive right. The interpretation of the Supreme people's Court on the Application of Law in cases of Patent infringement issued in 2009 and implemented since January 2010The system has been further improved.However, there are few successful cases in the practice of defending the prior right, and the academic research on the prior right is not very sufficient.There are still many controversies about the nature of preemptive power, "original scope", "same product and method", "necessary preparation", "continued use, manufacture" and so on.The problems that need to be paid attention to in the practical application of the defense of prior use right have not been discussed in depth.In this paper, from the perspective of application, the basic theory of first use right is expounded, including the concept and nature, and then the conditions under which the prior use right is produced, and the effectiveness of the first use right.Finally, the paper discusses the problems that should be paid attention to when applying the right of first use to defend.After the author put forward the main point of view or agree with the point of view, they all enumerate the real cases in practice to prove, clinging to the basic starting point of application.The first part is the basic theory of preemptive power.Firstly, the concept of preemptive power is briefly introduced.Secondly, it analyzes the nature of preemptive right, which is the focus of this chapter, and determines that the nature of preemptive right is the basis of clear conditions for obtaining preemptive right and the scope of application of preemptive right.Finally, it introduces the first-use right system of other countries, and provides different ideas for our country to continue to perfect the first-use right system.The second part is the production conditions of preemptive right.From the aspects of the time condition, the regional condition, the source of the invention and creation and the specific scope of the prior use right, it is clear which conditions can be obtained to enjoy the prior use right.In this chapter, the specific definition of behavior is the focus of the discussion.The third part is the effect of preemptive right.After obtaining the first use right, the first use right has its own scope of effectiveness.In particular, it is necessary to clarify the meaning of the original scope and the meaning of continued manufacture and use.The fourth part is the defense of prior right.This paper mainly introduces how to apply prior right defense in patent dispute.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D923.42

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