本文選題：銅基受電弓滑板　切入點：粉末冶金　出處：《合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：城市軌道交通和山區(qū)低速重載電力機車運輸是目前鐵路運輸中相當(dāng)重要的兩個板塊,對電力機車的需求量非常大。而銅基受電弓滑板是應(yīng)用于電力機車的重要受電元器件,其消耗量也越來越大,但目前國內(nèi)技術(shù)還不夠成熟,需要大量的依賴進(jìn)口。為了打破國外壟斷,加速銅基受電弓滑板的國產(chǎn)化是當(dāng)前鐵路運輸業(yè)中一項非常重要的任務(wù)。本文主要研究了粉末冶金法制備銅基受電弓滑板材料工藝,探討了不同種類潤滑劑對材料產(chǎn)生的影響,主要分析了冷壓行為和燒結(jié)行為等,對燒結(jié)后材料的物相組成、微觀形貌、力學(xué)性能以及摩擦磨損性能結(jié)果進(jìn)行了研究分析。同時研究了時效溫度與時間對銅合金的顯微組織及物理、力學(xué)和摩擦磨損等性能的影響,探究了該銅合金的時效特性。本研究對于開發(fā)具有自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的銅基粉末冶金受電弓滑板提供了技術(shù)與理論指導(dǎo),取得的主要成果如下:(1)壓制規(guī)律:在銅合金混合粉末冷壓成形過程中,壓坯密度隨著壓制壓力的增大而不斷提高,但壓坯密度的提高速率隨著壓制壓力的增大而逐漸變緩。銅合金混合粉末的壓制過程符合四種經(jīng)典壓制方程的描述,尤以黃培云方程最為近似。經(jīng)黃培云方程計算后可得,銅合金混合粉末的最小二乘法相關(guān)系數(shù)R值為0.997980,最接近于1,其硬化指數(shù)m為2.26313,壓制模數(shù)M為6.05885MPa。(2)制備工藝:在高溫?zé)Y(jié)過程中,燒結(jié)體密度隨著燒結(jié)溫度的升高和燒結(jié)時間的延長,呈先增大后減小的趨勢,得出合適的燒結(jié)溫度為900℃,燒結(jié)時間為2h。通過對比不同含量的石墨、Cu2S和MoS2三種潤滑劑對銅基受電弓滑板材料性能的影響,得出石墨相對于其他兩種潤滑劑,最宜作為銅基受電弓滑板材料的潤滑劑。當(dāng)石墨含量為2%時,銅基受電弓滑板綜合性能最好,其電阻率為0.22μΩ·m,沖擊韌性為34.2J/cm~2,硬度HB為75。(3)時效處理:將自主研發(fā)的銅基受電弓滑板材料,在830℃下固溶2h并水淬處理,然后在450~600℃下經(jīng)過1~4h時效處理。通過對不同時效溫度和時間下材料硬度、電阻率、沖擊韌性和抗拉強度等性能的測試,以及微觀組織與物相組成的觀察與分析,研究銅基受電弓滑板材料的時效處理行為。結(jié)果表明:隨時效時間延長,銅基滑板材料的硬度、沖擊韌性和拉伸強度都先提高后下降,電阻率先下降后略有升高;隨時效溫度升高,材料的各項性能均先提高后下降。時效處理前后材料斷裂均以塑性斷裂的方式進(jìn)行,時效處理后的沖擊韌性更大。在500℃下時效處理3h后,主要物相仍是α-銅和石墨,并產(chǎn)生納米級的六方Cu10Sn3析出相,對基體產(chǎn)生強化作用,從而提高材料的各項性能。材料的電阻率為0.147μΩ?m,硬度HB為89,抗拉強度為355.68MPa,沖擊韌性為47.1J/cm~2,摩擦因數(shù)為0.189,基本符合我國對銅基受電弓滑板材料的使用要求,綜合性能接近國外水平。
[Abstract]:Urban rail transit and low-speed and heavy-haul electric locomotive transportation in mountainous area are two very important plates in railway transportation at present, and the demand for electric locomotives is very large.The copper-based pantograph slide plate is an important component used in electric locomotives, and its consumption is increasing. However, the domestic technology is not mature enough and needs a large amount of import.In order to break the foreign monopoly and accelerate the localization of copper-based pantograph slide plate is a very important task in the current railway transportation industry.In this paper, the preparation process of copper-based pantograph slide plate by powder metallurgy is studied, and the influence of different kinds of lubricant on the material is discussed. The cold pressing behavior and sintering behavior are mainly analyzed, and the phase composition of the sintered material is analyzed.The results of microstructure, mechanical properties and friction and wear properties were studied and analyzed.The effects of aging temperature and time on the microstructure, physical, mechanical, friction and wear properties of the copper alloy were also studied.This study provides technical and theoretical guidance for the development of copper-based powder metallurgy pantograph slide plate with independent intellectual property rights. The main results obtained are as follows: in the process of copper alloy mixed powder cold pressing,The compaction density increases with the increase of pressing pressure, but the increasing rate of billet density decreases with the increase of pressing pressure.The compaction process of copper alloy mixed powder accords with the description of four classical pressing equations, especially Huang Peiyun equation.According to Huang Peiyun equation, the correlation coefficient R value of the least square method is 0.997980, which is the closest to 1. The hardening index m is 2.26313, and the pressing modulus M is 6.05885MPa.t2).With the increase of sintering temperature and the prolongation of sintering time, the sintered bulk density increased first and then decreased. The suitable sintering temperature was 900 鈩，

本文編號：1711889