本文選題：唐菖蒲　切入點(diǎn)：EMS突變體　出處：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：唐菖蒲{Gladiolus hybridus Hort)是鳶尾科(lridaceae)唐菖蒲屬(Gladiolus)多年生球莖類植物,是世界上著名的四大切花之一,唐菖蒲切花生產(chǎn)是我國花卉產(chǎn)業(yè)的重要組成部分。目前,我國唐菖蒲種球主要從國外引進(jìn),國內(nèi)培育和繁殖較少。唐菖蒲的遺傳基礎(chǔ)研究幾乎在零水平上,利用化學(xué)誘變育種,通過篩選,構(gòu)建唐菖蒲突變體庫,為選育優(yōu)良形態(tài)學(xué)和生理生化特點(diǎn)變異的突變體,培育具有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的新品系或品種,擴(kuò)大可利用種質(zhì)資源范圍奠定基礎(chǔ)。 本研究以唐菖蒲主栽品種“超級(jí)玫瑰”(Rose Supreme)為試材,在EMS處理以花瓣為外植體建立的再生體系的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)行組培苗的繼代培養(yǎng)與馴化移栽,并在第三生長周期進(jìn)行突變植株的篩選,在營養(yǎng)生長階段與生殖生長階段進(jìn)行形態(tài)學(xué)鑒定,并對(duì)篩選出的形態(tài)變異株進(jìn)行生理指標(biāo)的測定,為今后進(jìn)一步開展唐菖蒲離體誘變育種及突變體的篩選與鑒定提供了重要的依據(jù),通過化學(xué)誘變劑處理愈傷組織擴(kuò)大變異譜,也為發(fā)現(xiàn)觀賞性狀優(yōu)良、抗能能力強(qiáng)的新品種提供新的新途徑,研究的主要內(nèi)容和結(jié)果如下： (1)用唐菖蒲“超級(jí)玫瑰”花瓣為外植體建立的再生體系中,進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化唐菖蒲再生體系,得出如下結(jié)果,愈傷組織誘導(dǎo)的最佳培養(yǎng)基為2,4-D3.0mg/L+6-BA0.5mg/L,誘導(dǎo)體細(xì)胞胚最佳培養(yǎng)基配方為MS+2,4-D1.0mg/L+TDZ0.5mg/L,優(yōu)化后的生根培養(yǎng)基為MS+IBA0.5mg/L,最佳馴化基質(zhì)為草炭土：蛭石：珍珠巖的比例為2：1：1。 (2)用不同濃度的EMS對(duì)唐菖蒲花瓣胚性愈傷組織進(jìn)行了3w的混培法誘變處理,在數(shù)據(jù)中得出,在所有的處理中EMS濃度處于7mg/L且處理時(shí)間為1w的存活率最接近于半致死劑量,為50.22%。確定EMS的半致死濃度為7mg/L,植株馴化成活后統(tǒng)計(jì)變異株時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn),EMS濃度為9mg/L處理時(shí),出現(xiàn)的變異率最高,為11.4%. (3)在對(duì)誘變唐菖蒲的第三生長周期進(jìn)行形態(tài)學(xué)上的鑒定,在營養(yǎng)生長階段,在同一條件下播種,7株出苗時(shí)間晚,最晚可達(dá)到晚于對(duì)照株2個(gè)半月；4株出現(xiàn)了株型的變化；5株植株葉子變寬加長,莖稈變粗；4株無子球植株；7株出現(xiàn)子球生長量與直徑生長量大。在生殖生長階段,22號(hào)植株顏色與對(duì)照相比顏色明顯加深,變?yōu)榧t色,花瓣邊緣處無褶皺；31號(hào)植株花瓣顏色變?yōu)榈凵?形態(tài)變?yōu)殚L橢型；42號(hào)植株花瓣顏色與對(duì)照相比顏色明顯變淺,變?yōu)榈凵?花徑大小對(duì)照相比明顯變小。且誘變后的花粉均存在不同程度的花粉壁破裂,花粉空癟,花粉生活力低等現(xiàn)象。其中共篩選出25株形態(tài)變異株。 (4)在對(duì)篩選出的25株形態(tài)變異株進(jìn)行抗氧化酶、總可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖及丙二醛含量活性的測定,發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)EMS處理后各項(xiàng)生理指標(biāo)均有顯著性變化,其中有11株與對(duì)照有極顯著變化,分別為15號(hào)、22號(hào)、31號(hào)、37號(hào)、42號(hào)、50號(hào)、53號(hào)、55號(hào)、59號(hào)、65號(hào)、66號(hào)。
[Abstract]:Gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus Hort) is a perennial bulbous plant of the genus Gladiolus (Iridaceae). It is one of the four famous cut flowers in the world. The production of cut gladiolus flowers is an important part of the flower industry in China. Gladiolus species were mainly introduced from abroad in China, but few were bred and propagated in China. The genetic basis of Gladiolus was studied almost at zero level, and the mutant library of Gladiolus was constructed by chemical mutagenesis and screening. In order to select the mutants with excellent morphologic, physiological and biochemical characteristics, to cultivate new varieties or varieties with independent intellectual property rights, and to expand the range of available germplasm resources. In this study, the main cultivar of Gladiolus, Rose Supreme, was used as the test material. Based on the regeneration system established by EMS treatment with petals as explants, the plantlets of tissue culture were subcultured and domesticated and transplanted. The mutant plants were screened in the third growth cycle, morphological identification was carried out in the vegetative growth stage and reproductive growth stage, and physiological indexes of the selected morphological variant plants were measured. It provides an important basis for further screening and identification of gladiolus in vitro mutation breeding and mutants. By means of chemical mutagens treatment of callus to expand the spectrum of variation, also for the discovery of good ornamental traits. New varieties with strong resistance to energy provide new approaches. The main contents and results of the study are as follows:. 1) in the regeneration system of Gladiolus "super rose" petals established by explants, the regeneration system of Gladiolus was further optimized, and the following results were obtained. The optimum medium for callus induction was 2C4-D3.0 mg / L 6-BA0.5 mg / L, the best medium for inducing somatic embryogenesis was MS 24-D 1.0 mg / L TDZ0.5 mg / L, the optimized rooting medium was MS IBA0.5 mg / L, and the optimum domesticated medium was peat soil: vermiculite: perlite: 21: 1. (2) the embryogenic callus of Gladiolus flower petals was treated with different concentrations of EMS for 3 weeks. The results showed that the survival rate of EMS concentration was at 7mg/L and the survival rate of 1 week treatment was the closest to the half lethal dose in all treatments. The median lethal concentration of EMS was determined to be 7 mg / L, and the highest variation rate was found when the concentration of 9mg/L was treated with 9mg/L after plant domestication. 3) morphological identification of the third growth cycle of Gladiolus mutagenesis was carried out. In the vegetative growth stage, 7 seedlings were seeded under the same conditions. The changes of plant type were observed in 4 plants at the latest, which were later than that of the control plants, and the leaves of 5 plants became longer and wider than those of the control plants. In the reproductive growth stage, the color of No. 22 plant became more red than that of the control. There was no fold at the edge of the petals; the petal color of plant 31 became light pink and the shape became long ellipse; the color of the petals of plant 42 became lighter and lighter pink than that of the control. The flower diameter of the control was obviously smaller than that of the control, and there were some phenomena of pollen wall rupture, pollen hollowness and low pollen viability after mutagenesis. A total of 25 morphological variant plants were screened out. The contents of antioxidant enzyme, total soluble protein, soluble sugar and malondialdehyde were measured in 25 selected morphological variant strains. The results showed that the physiological indexes of 25 strains treated with EMS were significantly changed, and the results showed that there were significant changes in the contents of antioxidant enzymes, total soluble protein, soluble sugar and malondialdehyde (MDA). Among them, 11 strains were significantly different from the control, which were 15, 22, 31, 37, 42, 50, 53, 55, 59, 65 and 66, respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：S682.24

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