本文選題：采棉機(jī)　切入點(diǎn)：水平摘錠　出處：《石河子大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著機(jī)采棉種植面積的不斷擴(kuò)大，通過機(jī)械采收棉花，不僅有效緩解了拾花勞力緊張的問題，而且大幅度降低了棉花采摘費(fèi)用。據(jù)資料顯示，未來五年，新疆將投入20億采購1094臺(tái)采棉機(jī)，而如果全部實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)采棉，所需采棉機(jī)數(shù)量將達(dá)到5000臺(tái)。每臺(tái)采棉機(jī)通常配置5-6組摘錠組。每組需288-480根摘錠，目前進(jìn)口摘錠售價(jià)為70元左右，因此市場(chǎng)需求很大。人工采棉已成為制約新疆棉花生產(chǎn)的瓶頸，大幅度實(shí)現(xiàn)采棉機(jī)械化已經(jīng)勢(shì)在必行。水平式采棉機(jī)所用摘錠是采棉機(jī)的關(guān)鍵核心零件，為易損件，影響著采棉生產(chǎn)效率和采凈率。目前它主要依賴于進(jìn)口，，價(jià)格較貴，迫切需要實(shí)現(xiàn)國產(chǎn)化。 本課題以國內(nèi)臺(tái)州生產(chǎn)和國外進(jìn)口水平摘錠式采棉機(jī)關(guān)鍵工作部件---水平摘錠為研究對(duì)象，結(jié)合水平摘錠在設(shè)計(jì)和使用過程中遇到的實(shí)際技術(shù)問題，探討不同材料摘錠的使用性能及失效形式，通過理化試驗(yàn)、金相組織分析、力學(xué)性能測(cè)試等實(shí)驗(yàn)手段，分析國內(nèi)外摘錠的材料組成，力學(xué)性能差異，金相組織異同，進(jìn)而制定了熱處理工藝，分析了其影響因素，對(duì)國產(chǎn)摘錠的制造提供充分的理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。從而達(dá)到保證摘錠性能、提高使用壽命的目的。 （1）采用能譜以及化學(xué)方法相結(jié)合分析了三種摘錠的成分，得出三種摘錠的元素組成及材料牌號(hào)。 （2）對(duì)三種試樣進(jìn)行了室溫拉伸性能測(cè)試，比較了三種樣品的強(qiáng)度，延伸率。其中1#國產(chǎn)摘錠抗拉強(qiáng)度及屈服強(qiáng)度均較高，其屈服強(qiáng)度均高于其余兩種樣品；2#以色列摘錠具有最高的抗拉強(qiáng)度，但其延伸率較其余兩種樣品低；4#美國摘錠強(qiáng)度最低，延伸率與1#相同。 （3）采用金相顯微鏡及掃描電鏡相結(jié)合分析了三種摘錠滲碳層及基體心部組織特點(diǎn)。三種摘錠心部組織均主要由板條馬氏體組成，表面為滲碳淬火的隱針馬氏體組織。其中1#心部及滲碳層的馬氏體組織均比2#、4#更為細(xì)小。 （4）采用掃描電鏡以及能譜相結(jié)合的方法對(duì)三種摘錠的鍍層表面、厚度等進(jìn)行了分析。三種樣品表面均存在鍍Cr層。鍍層厚度：2#以色列摘錠鍍層最厚，1#國產(chǎn)摘錠鍍層最薄，4#美國摘錠厚度居中。整體上看，1#國產(chǎn)摘錠鍍層表面不夠光滑，與基體結(jié)合較差，鍍層厚度偏薄，這些都將影響鍍層的耐磨性能。 本課題的研究成果將成為國內(nèi)發(fā)展具有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的采棉機(jī)摘錠材料加工工藝及技術(shù)核心提供理論基礎(chǔ)，對(duì)新疆棉花機(jī)械化作業(yè)具有重要的意義和廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:With the continuous expansion of mechanical cotton harvesting area, the mechanical harvesting of cotton not only effectively alleviates the shortage of collecting labor, but also reduces the cost of cotton picking by a large margin.According to the data, in the next five years, Xinjiang will invest 2 billion to purchase 1094 cotton pickers, and if all the machines are realized, the number of cotton pickers will reach 5000.Each cotton picker is usually equipped with 5-6 groups of ingots.Each group needs 288-480 pick ingots, the current import pick ingot price is about 70 yuan, so the market demand is great.Artificial cotton harvesting has become the bottleneck of cotton production in Xinjiang, and it is imperative to realize cotton harvesting mechanization on a large scale.The picking ingots used in horizontal cotton pickers are the key parts of cotton pickers, which are easily damaged and affect the production efficiency and net recovery rate of cotton picking.At present, it is mainly dependent on imports, more expensive, urgent need to achieve localization.This subject takes the key working parts of the horizontal picking cotton picker in Taizhou and foreign countries as the research object, combining with the practical technical problems encountered in the design and application of the horizontal spindles.This paper discusses the performance and failure forms of different materials for picking ingots. By means of physical and chemical tests, metallographic analysis and mechanical properties tests, the material composition, mechanical properties difference, metallographic structure and similarities and differences are analyzed at home and abroad.Furthermore, the heat treatment process was established, and the influencing factors were analyzed, which provided sufficient theoretical and experimental basis for the manufacture of domestic spindles.In order to ensure the performance of the ingot, improve the service life of the purpose.1) the composition of three kinds of ingots were analyzed by energy spectrum and chemical method, and the elemental composition and material grade of the three ingots were obtained.The tensile properties of the three samples were tested at room temperature, and the tensile strength and elongation of the three samples were compared.The tensile strength and yield strength of the spindles made in 1# are both higher than those of the other two samples. The tensile strength of Israeli spindles is the highest, but its elongation is lower than that of the other two samples.The elongation is the same as that of 1#.Metallographic microscope and scanning electron microscope were used to analyze the microstructure of three carburized layers and the core of matrix.The three structures are mainly made up of lath martensite, and the surface of them is arcane martensite of Carburizing and quenching.The martensite in the center of the 1# and Carburized layer is smaller than that in the 2 #ings.(4) the surface and thickness of three kinds of ingots were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).There is Cr coating on the surface of three kinds of samples.The thickness of the coating is the thickest and the thickest in Israel. The thickness of the ingot is the thinnest in America.On the whole, the coating surface is not smooth enough, the bonding with substrate is poor, and the coating thickness is thin, which will affect the wear resistance of the coating.The research results of this subject will provide the theoretical basis for the development of cotton picking machine ingot material processing technology and technology core with independent intellectual property rights in our country, and will have important significance and broad application prospect for cotton mechanization operation in Xinjiang.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：石河子大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：S225.911

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