本文選題：菱形車　切入點(diǎn)：前后懸架　出處：《湖南大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著汽車工業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展，我國(guó)已經(jīng)成為世界上的汽車制造大國(guó)，但是由于自主研發(fā)能力的欠缺，中國(guó)還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不是汽車強(qiáng)國(guó)。同時(shí)，汽車保有量不斷增加，其帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響也在不斷凸顯，交通擁堵、交通事故增加、燃料需求緊張以及環(huán)境污染等問題越來(lái)越受到社會(huì)的關(guān)注。 菱形車是一款新型汽車，其底盤布置形式與傳統(tǒng)汽車的矩形布置形式不同。菱形車四個(gè)車輪呈菱形布置，且前后車輪為單輪，承擔(dān)著聯(lián)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向功能，中輪為驅(qū)動(dòng)輪，這樣決定了其在總布置以及懸架、轉(zhuǎn)向、制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)等許多方面會(huì)與傳統(tǒng)車輛有所不同。菱形車不僅具有完全的自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)，而且在緩解交通、提高碰撞安全、節(jié)省燃油以及減少環(huán)境污染等方面具有自身的優(yōu)勢(shì)。但是，對(duì)于菱形車獨(dú)特的底盤布置形式以及由此帶來(lái)的一些結(jié)構(gòu)上的創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)，目前可供直接參考的理論和文獻(xiàn)資料相對(duì)較少，要實(shí)現(xiàn)菱形車將來(lái)的產(chǎn)品化和市場(chǎng)化，還有大量的研究工作需要進(jìn)行。本文在菱形車的平順性、操縱穩(wěn)定性、懸架參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)以及懸架和車輪結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)等方面進(jìn)行了較為深入的研究，主要內(nèi)容包括： 確定了菱形車各懸架系統(tǒng)以及前后輪系統(tǒng)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)菱形底盤布置形式的特殊性，通過對(duì)傳統(tǒng)懸架形式進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析，確定雙縱臂和雙橫臂獨(dú)立懸架分別作為菱形車前后懸架和中懸架的基本形式。雙縱臂獨(dú)立懸架不僅適用于轉(zhuǎn)向輪，而且有利于降低整車質(zhì)心，可以滿足菱形車對(duì)前后懸架基本要求，懸架和前后輪系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)的確定有助于后續(xù)菱形車的整車性能分析以及優(yōu)化等工作。 建立了菱形車十五自由度整車平順性模型，，并分別在隨機(jī)路面和脈沖路面下分析了各設(shè)計(jì)變量對(duì)其平順性的影響規(guī)律。根據(jù)菱形車的底盤布置特點(diǎn)，詳細(xì)推導(dǎo)了菱形車整車平順性的動(dòng)力學(xué)模型，通過求解，分別得到駕駛員和左后乘員的垂向加權(quán)加速度均方根值和最大垂向加速度，從而對(duì)整車平順性進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。平順性模型是菱形車整車性能深入研究的一個(gè)理論基礎(chǔ)，各設(shè)計(jì)變量對(duì)平順性的影響規(guī)律也為菱形車總布置提供了理論參考。 建立了菱形車二自由度和三自由度操縱模型，并分析了各設(shè)計(jì)變量對(duì)操縱穩(wěn)定性的影響規(guī)律，同時(shí)對(duì)兩個(gè)操縱模型進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)了二者之間的不同。二自由度模型主要考慮側(cè)向和橫擺運(yùn)動(dòng)，而三自由度模型不僅考慮側(cè)向和橫擺運(yùn)動(dòng)，而且考慮側(cè)傾運(yùn)動(dòng)，通過對(duì)菱形車的穩(wěn)態(tài)回轉(zhuǎn)、方向盤角階躍輸入和方向盤角脈沖輸入試驗(yàn)的仿真研究，分析了各設(shè)計(jì)變量對(duì)菱形車操縱穩(wěn)定性的影響規(guī)律，為菱形車總布置以及懸架參數(shù)選擇提供了理論依據(jù)，也為菱形車操縱穩(wěn)定性的深入研究奠定了理論基礎(chǔ)。 利用協(xié)同優(yōu)化技術(shù)對(duì)菱形車的懸架參數(shù)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。菱形車懸架參數(shù)的變化對(duì)平順性和操縱穩(wěn)定性的影響存在矛盾性。優(yōu)化前，通過菱形車樣車試驗(yàn)對(duì)建立的平順性模型和三自由度操縱模型進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證，驗(yàn)證正確后以二者為基礎(chǔ)，根據(jù)協(xié)同優(yōu)化思想建立了菱形車懸架參數(shù)的優(yōu)化模型，通過優(yōu)化使得菱形車的整車性能在一定程度上得到了綜合提高。優(yōu)化后的懸架參數(shù)能夠指導(dǎo)菱形車懸架結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，為其提供理論參考。 利用近似建模技術(shù)，對(duì)菱形車前后輪系統(tǒng)的橫梁結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。根據(jù)菱形車的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)確定橫梁的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，并通過靈敏度分析確定橫梁的關(guān)鍵設(shè)計(jì)尺寸，利用拉丁超立方方法建立橫梁樣本，再通過對(duì)各個(gè)樣本的分析得到橫梁的質(zhì)量和疲勞壽命，從而利用Kriging近似建模技術(shù)建立橫梁質(zhì)量和疲勞壽命的近似模型，在此基礎(chǔ)上以橫梁疲勞壽命為約束條件，以橫梁質(zhì)量最小化為目標(biāo)，對(duì)其關(guān)鍵設(shè)計(jì)尺寸進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。這種設(shè)計(jì)方法對(duì)于菱形車的橫梁設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)說，可以大大地縮短設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間，節(jié)約設(shè)計(jì)成本。 本文的研究對(duì)菱形車整車設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)選擇以及前后懸架和前后輪的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)提供了理論依據(jù)，這不僅對(duì)菱形車的樣車生產(chǎn)具有實(shí)際指導(dǎo)意義，而且為菱形車將來(lái)的產(chǎn)品化和市場(chǎng)化奠定了理論基礎(chǔ)，具有很好的工程實(shí)際意義。
[Abstract]:With the development of automobile industry, China has become the world's automobile manufacturing country, but due to the lack of independent research and development ability, Chinese far from vehicle power. At the same time, the increasing amount of car ownership, its negative effect has been highlighted, traffic congestion, traffic accidents, environmental pollution and fuel demand such issues more and more attention of society.
Rhombic car is a new car, a rectangular layout of the chassis layout with the traditional car. Diamond car four wheels diamond shaped arrangement, and front and rear wheel is a single wheel, bear linkage steering function, wheel driving wheels, which determines its turn in the general arrangement and suspension, and many aspects the brake system design will be different from the traditional vehicle. The diamond vehicle not only has a completely independent intellectual property rights, and to ease traffic, improve safety, save fuel and has its own advantages to reduce the environmental pollution. However, to form the unique layout of the rhombic vehicle chassis and some structure resulting in the innovative design at present, for the direct reference theory and literature data is relatively small, to achieve the diamond vehicle future product and market, and there are a lot of work needs to be done. This paper in the Rhombic Vehicle The main contents include: ride comfort, control stability, suspension parameter design, suspension and wheel structure design.
The basic structure of the rhombic vehicle suspension system and rear wheel system. According to the particularity of the rhombic chassis layout, through the comparative analysis of the traditional form of suspension, determine the dual longitudinal arm and double wishbone suspension were used as the rhombic vehicle front and rear suspension and suspension. The basic form of dual longitudinal arm independent suspension is used not only for the on the steering wheel, but also reduces the vehicle mass, the basic requirements of the front and rear suspension can meet the rhombic vehicle, contribute to the subsequent diamond car vehicle performance analysis and optimization work to determine the suspension and front and rear wheel system structure.
A rhombic car with fifteen degrees of freedom vehicle ride comfort model, and respectively in random pulse road pavement and the design variables were analyzed on the ride comfort are studied. According to the characteristics of the diamond vehicle chassis layout, with the derivation of the kinetic model, the diamond vehicle comfort by solving the driver and passengers, left after hanging to the weighted RMS acceleration and maximum vertical acceleration are obtained, thus to evaluate the vehicle ride comfort. The model is a theoretical basis for further research of vehicle performance diamond car, effects of different design variables on the ride comfort also provides a theoretical reference for the diamond vehicle layout.
A diamond car two and three degree of freedom control model, and analyzes the influence of design variables on the operating stability, while the two control models were compared, found that the difference between the two. Two degree of freedom model considering the lateral and yaw motion, and the model of three degrees of freedom not only considering the lateral and yaw motion and roll motion, consider, through the steady turning of the rhombic vehicle, steering wheel angle step input and steering wheel angle pulse input test simulation, analysis of the effect of each design variables on the rhombic vehicle handling stability, provide a theoretical basis for the selection of diamond car general layout and suspension the parameters, lay a theoretical foundation for further research and handling stability for the diamond car.
The optimization of suspension parameters on the diamond vehicle optimization design was carried out on the change of rhombus vehicle suspension parameters contradictory effects on ride comfort and handling stability. Before optimization, the prototype test of the rhombic vehicle ride comfort model and three degree of freedom control model for verification, verification by two for according to the basis of collaborative Optimization optimization model established the diamond vehicle suspension parameters, through the optimization of vehicle performance makes the diamond car has been integrated in a certain extent improve. The optimized suspension parameters can guide the rhombic vehicle suspension structure design, and provide a theoretical reference for it.
By using the approximate modeling technique, beam structure on the diamond car front and rear wheel system was optimized. The basic structure of the beam according to the structural characteristics of the rhombic vehicle, and the sensitivity analysis of key design to determine the dimensions of the beam, using the Latin hypercube method to establish the beam, and then through the analysis of each sample was obtained and the fatigue life of quality the beam, thus using the Kriging approximation model of beam quality and fatigue life modeling technology, based on the fatigue life of the beam as the constraint condition, the beam quality is minimized as the goal, to optimize the design of the key design size. This design method for diamond car beam design, can greatly shorten the design time. Save the design cost.
This paper provides a theoretical basis for structure design of Rhombic Vehicle design parameters as well as the front and rear suspension and front and rear wheels, which not only on the diamond car prototype production has practical significance, but also provide a theoretical foundation for the future of the rhombic vehicle product and market, has the very good practical significance.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：U463.33

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