本文選題：保險合同　切入點(diǎn)：免責(zé)條款　出處：《中國海洋大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：保險，是投保人根據(jù)合同的約定，向保險人支付保險費(fèi)，，保險人對于合同約定的可能發(fā)生的事故因其發(fā)生所造成的財產(chǎn)損失承擔(dān)賠償保險金責(zé)任，或者當(dāng)被保險人死亡、傷殘、疾病或者達(dá)到合同約定的年齡、期限時承擔(dān)給付保險金責(zé)任的交易行為。近年來，為了促使保險交易更加簡便、快捷，滿足經(jīng)營者對更高經(jīng)濟(jì)效率以及更低交易成本的追求，保險合同已經(jīng)普遍以格式合同的形式出現(xiàn)。作為保險合同的一個重要組成部分，保險合同免責(zé)條款具有兼顧各方利益平衡、防范道德風(fēng)險等重要積極功能，對保險合同雙方具有重要的法律意義。 我國對保險合同免責(zé)條款進(jìn)行了法律規(guī)制。保險合同免責(zé)條款作為保險條款不可分割的內(nèi)容，需經(jīng)行政監(jiān)管部門的審批與備案；保險人在訂立保險合同時，應(yīng)當(dāng)履行對不保險合同免責(zé)條款的提示與明確說明義務(wù)；免除保險人依法應(yīng)承擔(dān)的義務(wù)、加重投保人、被保險人責(zé)任以及排除保險相對人依法享有的權(quán)利的免責(zé)條款應(yīng)被認(rèn)定為無效；當(dāng)保險合同雙方對保險合同免責(zé)條款的理解產(chǎn)生分歧時，應(yīng)當(dāng)首先適用文義解釋、目的解釋、體系解釋以及補(bǔ)充解釋等一般合同條款解釋方法，在仍無法獲得通常理解的時應(yīng)適用保險合同條款特有的疑義利益解釋原則。但是，關(guān)于保險合同免責(zé)條款的范圍、提示與明確說明義務(wù)的履行、免責(zé)條款的效力認(rèn)定以及相關(guān)條款解釋等問題，相關(guān)法律規(guī)定仍存在較多缺陷，損害了保險公司的信用和形象，致使法院在司法審判中大量同案不同判情形出現(xiàn)。 “實踐的混亂直接緣于法律的匿乏與滯后，并根本源于理論的困惑與模糊。”因此，以完善立法為出發(fā)點(diǎn)并同時規(guī)范和統(tǒng)一行政監(jiān)管、司法裁判等法律規(guī)制行為是非常有必要的。對于我國現(xiàn)行法律體系，應(yīng)對保險合同免責(zé)條款進(jìn)行明確界定，通過取消一般說明的規(guī)定、引入詢問說明規(guī)則、明確“說明生效”條款的范圍、以書面解釋及詢問說明相結(jié)合的方式補(bǔ)充明確說明方法、適當(dāng)引入冷靜猶豫期制度等方面，對保險人提示與明確說明義務(wù)的相關(guān)規(guī)定進(jìn)行完善，通過改善《保險法》第十九條的條款邏輯、設(shè)置疑義利益解釋方法的運(yùn)用規(guī)則、科學(xué)引入滿足合理期待的原則等方面，對免責(zé)條款效力認(rèn)定及內(nèi)容解釋的規(guī)定進(jìn)行完善；對于目前保險合同免責(zé)條款的行政監(jiān)管，應(yīng)進(jìn)一步完善行政監(jiān)管相關(guān)法律規(guī)定，并進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)政府機(jī)關(guān)行政監(jiān)管職能的履行與效果；對于目前保險合同免責(zé)條款司法審判實踐，應(yīng)當(dāng)進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)保險免責(zé)條款案件糾紛中法官自由裁量權(quán)運(yùn)用的合理性，在裁判時法官應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對典型案例的借鑒意識。此外，還需加強(qiáng)對保險創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)。
[Abstract]:Insurance is the payment of insurance premium to the insurer by the policyholder in accordance with the agreement of the contract, and the insurer shall bear the liability for compensation for the property losses caused by the possible accident agreed upon in the contract, or when the insured dies or is disabled, In recent years, in order to make insurance transactions easier and faster and satisfy the operators' pursuit of higher economic efficiency and lower transaction costs, As an important part of the insurance contract, the exemption clause of the insurance contract has the important positive functions of balancing the interests of all parties, preventing moral hazard, and so on. It has important legal significance to both parties of insurance contract. The exemption clause of insurance contract is regulated by law in our country. As an inseparable part of insurance clause, the exemption clause of insurance contract needs to be approved and put on record by the administrative supervision department. The obligation of prompt and clear explanation of the exemption clause of the non-insurance contract shall be fulfilled; the insurer shall be exempted from the obligation according to law and the applicant shall be aggravated, The liability of the insured and the exemption clause which excludes the rights enjoyed by the relative party according to law shall be considered invalid; when there are differences in the understanding of the exemption clause in the insurance contract between the two parties to the insurance contract, the interpretation of the meaning and purpose shall be applied first. The interpretation of general terms of contract, such as system interpretation and supplementary interpretation, should be governed by the principle of interpretation of doubtful interests specific to the terms of the insurance contract when it is still impossible to obtain the usual understanding. However, with regard to the scope of exemption clauses in insurance contracts, There are still many defects in the relevant laws and regulations, such as the performance of the obligation of prompt and clear explanation, the validity of the exemption clause and the interpretation of the relevant clauses, which have damaged the credit and image of the insurance company. As a result, the court in the judicial trial of a large number of concurrent cases of different judgments appear. "the confusion of practice lies directly in the obscurity and lag of the law, and it originates from the confusion and vagueness of the theory." therefore, taking the perfection of legislation as the starting point and standardizing and unifying administrative supervision at the same time, It is very necessary to regulate the behavior by law, such as judicial adjudication. In the current legal system of our country, the exemption clause of insurance contract should be clearly defined, and the rules of inquiry and explanation should be introduced by canceling the provisions of general explanation. To clarify the scope of the "statement of effectiveness" clause, to supplement the clear explanation method by the combination of written explanation and inquiry explanation, to introduce the system of calm and hesitant period appropriately, and to perfect the relevant provisions of the insurer's obligation of prompt and clear explanation. By improving the article logic of Article 19 of the Insurance Law, setting up the rules of application of the interpretation method of doubtful interests, introducing scientifically the principle of meeting reasonable expectations, and so on, the provisions of the validity of exemption clauses and the interpretation of contents are perfected. For the current administrative supervision of exemption clauses in insurance contracts, we should further improve the relevant legal provisions of administrative supervision, and further strengthen the performance and effect of the administrative supervision functions of government organs; for the current judicial trial practice of exemption clauses in insurance contracts, It is necessary to further strengthen the rationality of the use of the judge's discretion in the dispute of insurance exemption clause, and to strengthen the reference consciousness of typical cases in the adjudication. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights of insurance innovative products.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D922.284;D923.6

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