本文選題：種業(yè)　切入點(diǎn)：國際競爭力　出處：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：2011年《國務(wù)院關(guān)于加快推進(jìn)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)作物種業(yè)發(fā)展的意見》（國發(fā)【2011】8號(hào)）明確提出：“我國是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)大國和用種大國，農(nóng)作物種業(yè)是國家戰(zhàn)略性、基礎(chǔ)性核心產(chǎn)業(yè)，是促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)長期穩(wěn)定發(fā)展、保障國家糧食安全的根本。”我國是種子生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)大國，常年用種量保持在120億公斤左右，國際種子聯(lián)盟（International Seed Federation, ISF）最新統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示，2012年我國種子市場價(jià)值為99.50億美元，僅次于美國120億美元，居世界第二位。我國巨大的農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品市場潛力，正成為主要跨國公司競爭的焦點(diǎn)。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化、全球市場一體化進(jìn)程的加快，種業(yè)已成為全球各國競相搶占的戰(zhàn)略型新興產(chǎn)業(yè)。中國種業(yè)要想在未來的全球種業(yè)市場競爭中占有一席之地，必須加快提升中國種業(yè)的國際競爭力水平。 基于此，本文以比較優(yōu)勢理論、H-O理論、競爭優(yōu)勢理論等國際競爭力相關(guān)理論為指導(dǎo)，通過廣泛的文獻(xiàn)搜集、理論研究、數(shù)據(jù)整理和分析，在吸收已有研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上，注重理論與實(shí)際相結(jié)合，定性研究和定量研究相結(jié)合，文獻(xiàn)調(diào)查和實(shí)地調(diào)查相結(jié)合。本文首先構(gòu)建了以競爭業(yè)績、競爭實(shí)力和競爭潛力來分析中國種業(yè)國際競爭力的理論框架；然后借助國際市場占有率指數(shù)、顯示性比較優(yōu)勢指數(shù)等分析工具，從市場份額角度對(duì)我國種業(yè)國際競爭力水平進(jìn)行描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)和測算分析，從市場份額角度分析了中國種業(yè)現(xiàn)有的競爭業(yè)績；然后構(gòu)建并圍繞“生產(chǎn)要素、創(chuàng)新能力、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、政府”等四個(gè)關(guān)鍵要素，利用相關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)并借助資源稟賦指數(shù)、出口產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量升級(jí)指數(shù)等分析工具對(duì)中國種業(yè)國際競爭力的影響因素進(jìn)行分析，從競爭力影響因素角度分析中國種業(yè)競爭實(shí)力的差距；隨后借用邁克爾·波特教授的“菱形鉆石模型”，，診斷分析制約我國種業(yè)競爭力提升的深層次原因，分析種業(yè)未來競爭潛力；基于中國種業(yè)應(yīng)加快“走出去”的戰(zhàn)略需求，本文對(duì)中國種業(yè)現(xiàn)有優(yōu)勢品種、目標(biāo)國市場進(jìn)行了分析；最后提出了提升我國種業(yè)國際競爭力水平的對(duì)策建議并針對(duì)有關(guān)結(jié)論和問題展開討論。本文得出的主要結(jié)論如下： （1）從市場份額角度來分析中國種業(yè)國際競爭力水平（競爭業(yè)績），結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：但在全球種子市場份額競爭中，中國得到的國外市場份額少，失去的國內(nèi)市場份額多；出口市場主要集中在亞洲，而種子大額市場非洲和南美洲等占據(jù)的份額較少。IMS、RCA、TSC、CA計(jì)算結(jié)果顯示，中國種業(yè)目前整體國際競爭力水平不足，與美國、荷蘭等種業(yè)強(qiáng)國還存在很大差距，但中國種業(yè)競爭力水平上升趨勢明顯。相對(duì)來說，蔬菜種子競爭力高于大田作物種子且部分作物競爭力已超過德國等發(fā)達(dá)國家；在大田作物中，目前我國水稻和棉花種子競爭優(yōu)勢明顯，油菜種子競爭優(yōu)勢開始顯現(xiàn)。 （2）從生產(chǎn)要素、創(chuàng)新能力、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、政府等四個(gè)要素來分析中國種業(yè)競爭力影響因素（競爭實(shí)力），結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：生產(chǎn)要素和政府要素對(duì)種業(yè)競爭力有所影響，但并不是關(guān)鍵影響要素；知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)因素已成為制約我國種業(yè)國際競爭力提升的關(guān)鍵要素；質(zhì)量因素是促進(jìn)我國種業(yè)現(xiàn)有競爭力提升的關(guān)鍵要素；中國種業(yè)目前競爭實(shí)力嚴(yán)重不足，但中國種業(yè)應(yīng)注重以現(xiàn)有的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量競爭力為契機(jī)加速提升和鞏固種業(yè)市場份額的拓展和掌控能力，以便應(yīng)對(duì)日益激烈的國際種業(yè)市場份額競爭。 （3）從鉆石模型分析制約中國種業(yè)國際競爭力的深層次原因（競爭潛力），分析認(rèn)為：從市場需求來看，產(chǎn)業(yè)化程度低，競爭性產(chǎn)品少，缺乏市場化研發(fā)導(dǎo)向制約了中國種業(yè)國際競爭力水平；從相關(guān)和支持產(chǎn)業(yè)來看，相關(guān)和支持產(chǎn)業(yè)以及種業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)各環(huán)節(jié)之間缺乏有效溝通制約了中國種業(yè)競爭力的提升；從企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略結(jié)構(gòu)與競爭狀況來看，現(xiàn)有的研發(fā)、科技評(píng)價(jià)體系不健全，缺乏海外市場的投入，種業(yè)市場化程度低制約了中國種業(yè)競爭力的提升�？梢�，目前制約中國種業(yè)競爭力提升的原因較多，但同時(shí)也反應(yīng)出未來種業(yè)提升的潛力巨大。 （4）種業(yè)充分利用國內(nèi)外兩個(gè)市場、兩種資源能更好的提升國際競爭力水平。中國目前“走出去”的品種開始由低價(jià)值種子向高價(jià)值種子過渡。其中，雜交水稻已成為我國未來種業(yè)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略性品種，未來東南亞、非洲、中亞是我國種業(yè)“走出去”的三大目標(biāo)地區(qū)，而中亞將是我國種業(yè)“走出去”的戰(zhàn)略重點(diǎn)。中國政府管理部門應(yīng)重視中國種業(yè)“走出去”的引導(dǎo)，加快中國種業(yè)“走出去”步伐，全面搶奪全球種子市場份額。
[Abstract]:In 2011 the State Council on accelerating the development of modern crop seed industry opinions (Guo Fa [2011] No. 8) clearly pointed out: "China is a large agricultural country and a country, crop seed industry is a national strategic and basic core industry is to promote the long-term stable development of agriculture, the fundamental guarantee for national food safety." China is a major seed production and consumption, perennial seed quantity remains at around 12 billion kg, the International Seed Federation (International Seed, Federation, ISF) the latest statistics show that in 2012 China's seed market value of $9 billion 950 million, second only to the US $12 billion, ranking second in the world. China's huge scale of agricultural industry and agricultural product market the potential is become the focus of competition of major multinational companies. With the economic globalization, the integration of the global market to accelerate the process of seed industry has become the world competing strategy for emerging In order to occupy a place in the future competition of the global seed market, China's seed industry must accelerate the international competitiveness of China's seed industry.
Based on this, this paper based on the comparative advantage theory, H-O theory, theory of competitive advantage theory and international competitiveness as the guide, through extensive literature collection, theoretical research, data collation and analysis, in the absorption on the basis of research results, focusing on the combination of theory and practice, qualitative research and quantitative research, survey and literature the combination of field investigation. This paper first constructs a theoretical framework to analyze the performance in competition, the international competitiveness of China seed industry competition strength and the competition potential; then with the help of the international market share index, revealed comparative advantage index analysis tools, descriptive statistical analysis and calculation on the level of international competitiveness of China's seed industry from the angle of market share. From the perspective of market share analysis of the existing China seed industry competitive performance; and then build around the "production factors, innovation ability, the quality of the products, the government" The four key elements, the relevant statistics and with the resource endowment index, the export product quality upgrading index analysis tools such as influence on the international competitiveness of the seed industry Chinese factor analysis, analysis of the competitive strength of China seed gap from the perspective of competitive factors; then use professor Michael Porter's "Diamond Model", the diagnosis analysis of deep-seated reasons of limiting enhance the competitiveness of China's seed industry, seed industry analysis of future competition potential; strategic demand Chinese seed industry should speed up the "going out" based on the existing product advantage Chinese seed industry, the target market is analyzed; and finally proposes some suggestions for improving the level of China's seed industry international competitiveness and to discuss the relevant conclusions and problems. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:
(1) to analyze the international competitiveness of the seed industry China from market share (competitive performance), angle results: but in the global seed market share competition, China obtained foreign market share less, lose the domestic market share; export market mainly concentrated in Asia, while the share of less.IMS, large markets in Africa and South America, RCA, TSC, CA calculation results show that the Chinese seed industry at present the overall level of international competitiveness, and the United States, there is a big gap between Holland and other seed power, but the level of competitiveness of Chinese seed industry increased significantly. Relatively speaking, the competitiveness of vegetable seeds than field crops and crop seed competitiveness has surpassed the developed countries such as Germany; in field crops, China's rice and cotton seed with obvious competitive advantages, competitive advantage of rape seeds began to appear.
(2) from the factors of production, innovation ability, the quality of the products, the four elements of the government to analyze the factors affecting the competitiveness of the seed industry Chinese (competitive strength results show that production factors), and government factors have an impact on the competitiveness of the seed industry, but it is not the key factor; the factors of intellectual property rights has become a key constraint factor in enhancing the international competitiveness of our country seed industry; quality factor is the key factor for the competitiveness of China's seed industry existing; Chinese seed industry competitive strength at present serious shortage, but Chinese seed industry should focus on product quality competitiveness of existing as an opportunity to accelerate the upgrading and consolidate and develop the seed market share and the ability to control, in order to cope with the increasingly fierce international competition. Seed market share
(3) analyze the deep reasons of restricting the international competitiveness of China seed from the diamond model (competitive potential), analysis: from the perspective of market demand, low level of industrialization, competitive products, lack of market research and development oriented restrict the international competitiveness level China seed industry; from the related and supporting industries, the lack of effective communication between the relevant and the support industry and seed industry each link of restricting Chinese seed industry competitiveness; from the enterprise strategy structure and competition situation, existing research, evaluation system of science and technology is not perfect, the lack of overseas market investment, the degree of market is low restricted Chinese seed seed industry competitiveness. Obviously, now more reason to enhance Chinese seed industry competitiveness the restriction, but also reflects the future promotion seed industry has great potential.
(4) seed industry to make full use of two markets at home and abroad, the level of international competitiveness of two kinds of resources can be better. China is "going out" by the low value of seed varieties began to transition to the high value of the seeds. The hybrid rice has become strategic products, the future development of the seed industry in China's future in Southeast Asia, Africa, Central Asia is the three largest target areas of China's seed industry "going out", and Central Asia will be China's seed industry strategic focus in "going out". China government departments should pay attention to China Seed Industry Guide going out ", to speed up the China seed industry" going out "pace, fully share the global seed market.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F324.6

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