本文關(guān)鍵詞： 產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易 醫(yī)藥產(chǎn)品 影響因素　出處：《上海社會(huì)科學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：自20世紀(jì)中葉后,隨著科技不斷進(jìn)步和國(guó)際分工的日益發(fā)展,世界貿(mào)易模式由傳統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)業(yè)間貿(mào)易逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楫a(chǎn)業(yè)間和產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易并存的局面,并且產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易占比逐漸變大。伴隨著新的貿(mào)易模式的興起,經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家也開(kāi)始不斷完善和修正傳統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)業(yè)貿(mào)易理論。美國(guó)既是貿(mào)易大國(guó)又是科技大國(guó),2015年,中國(guó)作為世界上最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家,首次成為美國(guó)最大的貿(mào)易伙伴,第三大出口市場(chǎng)以及第一大進(jìn)口來(lái)源地。美國(guó)是全球醫(yī)藥巨頭,2012年起,中國(guó)超越德國(guó)與日本成為僅次于美國(guó)的全球第二大醫(yī)藥市場(chǎng)。醫(yī)藥行業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易在中美產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易中占據(jù)著十分重要的地位。研究中美醫(yī)藥行業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易,對(duì)于中國(guó)深化對(duì)美醫(yī)藥產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易,優(yōu)化對(duì)美醫(yī)藥產(chǎn)業(yè)貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)的意義十分深遠(yuǎn)。本文首先分析了中美醫(yī)藥行業(yè)的整體貿(mào)易現(xiàn)狀,并運(yùn)用GL指數(shù)法對(duì)中美醫(yī)藥行業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易指數(shù)進(jìn)行測(cè)算。測(cè)算結(jié)果反映了中美醫(yī)藥行業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易總體水平較高,化學(xué)原料藥與生物制藥的產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易水平略高,衛(wèi)生材料的產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易較低。并運(yùn)用GHM指數(shù)測(cè)算了三類(lèi)細(xì)分行業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易類(lèi)型,結(jié)論發(fā)現(xiàn)這三類(lèi)行業(yè)的貿(mào)易類(lèi)型都屬于高水平垂直型產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易。其次,對(duì)影響中美醫(yī)藥產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易的主要因素進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析,本文在傳統(tǒng)貿(mào)易理論和新貿(mào)易理論的綜合框架下,利用2001年至2014年貿(mào)易數(shù)據(jù)做回歸分析,結(jié)果顯示,規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)(ES)、市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)(MS)、技術(shù)進(jìn)步(TP)、產(chǎn)品差異(PD)、人均國(guó)民收入水平(DNI)與產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易水平呈正相關(guān),國(guó)際直接投資(FDI)與產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易水平呈負(fù)相關(guān)。最后根據(jù)實(shí)證分析結(jié)果提出了針對(duì)性的建議,包括提升國(guó)內(nèi)醫(yī)藥行業(yè)規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)、加強(qiáng)人才隊(duì)伍建設(shè)、提高國(guó)民收入水平、完善知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)政策等合理化建議。
[Abstract]:Since the middle of 20th century, with the continuous progress of science and technology and the development of international division of labor, the mode of world trade has gradually changed from the traditional inter-industry trade to the coexistence of inter-industry and intra-industry trade. With the rise of new trade model, economists also began to improve and revise the traditional industrial trade theory. As the largest developing country in the world, China has for the first time become the largest trading partner of the United States, the third largest export market and the largest source of imports. China has surpassed Germany and Japan to become the second largest pharmaceutical market in the world after the United States. Intra-industry trade in the pharmaceutical industry plays a very important role in intra-industry trade between China and the United States. It is of great significance for China to deepen its trade in pharmaceutical products with the United States and to optimize the trade structure of the pharmaceutical industry with the United States. This paper first analyzes the overall trade situation of the pharmaceutical industry between China and the United States. The results show that the overall level of intra-industry trade between China and the United States is relatively high, and the level of intra-industry trade between chemical APIs and biopharmaceuticals is slightly higher. The intra-industry trade of sanitary materials is relatively low, and the intra-industry trade types of three kinds of subdivided industries are calculated by using GHM index. The conclusion is that the trade types of these three kinds of industries are all high level vertical intra-industry trade. Secondly, Based on the empirical analysis of the main factors affecting the intra-industry trade of Chinese and American pharmaceutical products, this paper makes a regression analysis using the trade data from 2001 to 2014 under the comprehensive framework of the traditional trade theory and the new trade theory. The results show that, Economies of scale, market structure, technological progress, product differences, and per capita national income (DNIs) are positively correlated with the level of intra-industry trade. International direct investment (FDI) is negatively correlated with the level of intra-industry trade. Finally, according to the results of empirical analysis, some suggestions are put forward, including enhancing the scale economy of domestic pharmaceutical industry, strengthening the construction of talent force, and raising the level of national income. To improve intellectual property policy and other rationalization proposals.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海社會(huì)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F752.7;F757.12;F416.72

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