民用航空領(lǐng)域警察權(quán)行為問(wèn)題研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-01-01 12:59
【摘要】：在民用航空領(lǐng)域中警察權(quán)是指為了維護(hù)民航運(yùn)輸安全與秩序,工作人員及旅客人身、財(cái)產(chǎn)安全,由憲法和法律賦予民航公安機(jī)關(guān)及其相關(guān)人員進(jìn)行治安管理與刑事偵查的公權(quán)力。關(guān)于警察權(quán)的性質(zhì),普遍認(rèn)為是行政權(quán)與司法權(quán)兼具,又因?yàn)榫鞕?quán)具有復(fù)合性特征,所以,警察權(quán)包括治安權(quán)與偵查權(quán)。民用航空領(lǐng)域警察權(quán)當(dāng)然屬于警察權(quán),也必然具有警察權(quán)所具有的性質(zhì)、特征,所以,民用航空領(lǐng)域警察權(quán)包括治安權(quán)與偵查權(quán)。民用航空領(lǐng)域警察權(quán)還具有強(qiáng)制性、復(fù)合性、排他性,所以在行使警察權(quán)的時(shí)候需要依據(jù)憲法、法律及規(guī)章政策。在民用航空領(lǐng)域警察權(quán)的日常行使過(guò)程中,運(yùn)用最頻繁的就是治安權(quán)。其中,治安權(quán)的行使主體既涉及民航主管部門公安機(jī)關(guān)人員、機(jī)場(chǎng)公安機(jī)關(guān)人員、空中警察等依職權(quán)的行使主體,也包括機(jī)長(zhǎng)、航空安全員、安全檢查員等被授權(quán)行使主體。由于我國(guó)民航運(yùn)輸業(yè)地快速發(fā)展,技術(shù)與管理模式多借鑒于美國(guó),但是權(quán)力行使主體卻是根據(jù)國(guó)內(nèi)法律法規(guī)與國(guó)情進(jìn)行執(zhí)法的,因而,在實(shí)踐就出現(xiàn)了一些問(wèn)題,突出表現(xiàn)為兩方面:一方面是空中警察身為公務(wù)員卻受行政機(jī)關(guān)與企業(yè)單位共同管理指揮,另一方面是現(xiàn)有法律無(wú)法闡明非警務(wù)人員為何可行使治安權(quán)。民航公安機(jī)關(guān)雖然與“鐵路、交通、林業(yè)”并列為具有中國(guó)特色的四大專門公安機(jī)關(guān),行使目標(biāo)都是違法行為與犯罪行為,但是民航公安的職責(zé)與權(quán)力卻與其他三類行業(yè)公安之間存在明顯差別,這是由于民用航空領(lǐng)域中犯罪行為具有民航業(yè)特有的國(guó)際性、突發(fā)性、科技性特征。同時(shí),這也決定了民用航空領(lǐng)域警察權(quán),特別是警察權(quán)中的偵查權(quán)不僅具有本土化特征,也具有國(guó)際化特征。因此,既需要加強(qiáng)民航公安系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部、民航公安與地方公安之間的協(xié)調(diào)互助,也需要加強(qiáng)國(guó)家與國(guó)家、國(guó)家與國(guó)際刑事司法機(jī)構(gòu)之間的交流合作。此外,為了應(yīng)對(duì)各種突發(fā)的、易引發(fā)恐慌的刑事案件,做好立案前的偵查情報(bào)信息收集是非常行之有效的手段,特別是針對(duì)破壞性極大的恐怖主義類犯罪,可以行之有效地將其“扼殺在搖籃中”。最后,通過(guò)嚴(yán)密民航刑事法網(wǎng),加強(qiáng)國(guó)際警務(wù)合作和加大內(nèi)外監(jiān)管力度,達(dá)到完善民用航空領(lǐng)域警察權(quán)中治安權(quán)行使與偵查權(quán)行使之間有效銜接。
[Abstract]:In the field of civil aviation, police power refers to the safety and order of civil aviation transport, the personal and property safety of personnel and passengers, Civil aviation public security organs and their related personnel are empowered by the Constitution and laws to carry out public security management and criminal investigation. As to the nature of police power, it is generally believed that the executive power and the judicial power have both, and because the police power has the compound characteristic, therefore, the police power includes the public security power and the investigation power. The police power in civil aviation field of course belongs to the police power, and it must also have the nature and characteristics of the police power. Therefore, the police power in civil aviation field includes the power of public order and the power of investigation. The civil aviation police power is also mandatory, complex, exclusive, so the exercise of police power needs to be based on the Constitution, laws and regulations. In the civil aviation field police power daily exercise process, the most frequent use is the public security right. Among them, the exercise of the public security right involves not only the civil aviation competent department public security department personnel, the airport public security organ personnel, the air police and so on according to the authority exercise subject, but also the captain, the aviation safety officer, the safety inspector and so on authorized exercise main body. Because of the rapid development of civil aviation transportation industry in our country, the technology and management models are mostly used for reference in the United States, but the subject of power exercise carries out law enforcement according to the domestic laws and regulations and the national conditions. Therefore, some problems have arisen in practice. On the one hand, the air police, as a civil servant, are under the joint management and command of the administrative organs and the enterprise units; on the other hand, the existing law cannot explain why non-police officers can exercise the public security right. Although civil aviation public security organs and "railways, traffic, forestry" are side by side as the four major specialized public security organs with Chinese characteristics, the exercise targets are both illegal acts and criminal acts. However, there are obvious differences between the duties and powers of civil aviation public security and the other three kinds of public security, which is due to the special international, sudden and scientific characteristics of civil aviation in the field of civil aviation. At the same time, this also determines the police power in civil aviation field, especially the investigation power in the police power not only has the localization characteristic, but also has the internationalization characteristic. Therefore, it is necessary not only to strengthen the coordination and mutual assistance within the civil aviation public security system, between civil aviation public security and local public security, but also to strengthen the exchange and cooperation between the state and the national, national and international criminal justice institutions. In addition, in order to deal with all kinds of sudden and panic-prone criminal cases, it is a very effective means to do a good job of collecting investigative intelligence information before filing a case, especially in the light of terrorist crimes that are extremely destructive. It can be effectively "strangled in the cradle". Finally, through the strict civil aviation criminal law network, strengthens the international police cooperation and strengthens the internal and external supervision dynamics, achieves the consummation civil aviation domain police power in the civil aviation police power exercise and the investigation authority exercise effective link.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)民航大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.14
本文編號(hào)：2397600
[Abstract]:In the field of civil aviation, police power refers to the safety and order of civil aviation transport, the personal and property safety of personnel and passengers, Civil aviation public security organs and their related personnel are empowered by the Constitution and laws to carry out public security management and criminal investigation. As to the nature of police power, it is generally believed that the executive power and the judicial power have both, and because the police power has the compound characteristic, therefore, the police power includes the public security power and the investigation power. The police power in civil aviation field of course belongs to the police power, and it must also have the nature and characteristics of the police power. Therefore, the police power in civil aviation field includes the power of public order and the power of investigation. The civil aviation police power is also mandatory, complex, exclusive, so the exercise of police power needs to be based on the Constitution, laws and regulations. In the civil aviation field police power daily exercise process, the most frequent use is the public security right. Among them, the exercise of the public security right involves not only the civil aviation competent department public security department personnel, the airport public security organ personnel, the air police and so on according to the authority exercise subject, but also the captain, the aviation safety officer, the safety inspector and so on authorized exercise main body. Because of the rapid development of civil aviation transportation industry in our country, the technology and management models are mostly used for reference in the United States, but the subject of power exercise carries out law enforcement according to the domestic laws and regulations and the national conditions. Therefore, some problems have arisen in practice. On the one hand, the air police, as a civil servant, are under the joint management and command of the administrative organs and the enterprise units; on the other hand, the existing law cannot explain why non-police officers can exercise the public security right. Although civil aviation public security organs and "railways, traffic, forestry" are side by side as the four major specialized public security organs with Chinese characteristics, the exercise targets are both illegal acts and criminal acts. However, there are obvious differences between the duties and powers of civil aviation public security and the other three kinds of public security, which is due to the special international, sudden and scientific characteristics of civil aviation in the field of civil aviation. At the same time, this also determines the police power in civil aviation field, especially the investigation power in the police power not only has the localization characteristic, but also has the internationalization characteristic. Therefore, it is necessary not only to strengthen the coordination and mutual assistance within the civil aviation public security system, between civil aviation public security and local public security, but also to strengthen the exchange and cooperation between the state and the national, national and international criminal justice institutions. In addition, in order to deal with all kinds of sudden and panic-prone criminal cases, it is a very effective means to do a good job of collecting investigative intelligence information before filing a case, especially in the light of terrorist crimes that are extremely destructive. It can be effectively "strangled in the cradle". Finally, through the strict civil aviation criminal law network, strengthens the international police cooperation and strengthens the internal and external supervision dynamics, achieves the consummation civil aviation domain police power in the civil aviation police power exercise and the investigation authority exercise effective link.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)民航大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.14
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