【摘要】：排污權(quán)交易試點(diǎn)在全國(guó)各地蓬勃發(fā)展,但我國(guó)法律尚未對(duì)其法律地位予以確認(rèn),出現(xiàn)了立法落后于實(shí)踐的尷尬局面,迫切需要對(duì)排污權(quán)從法律層面進(jìn)行確立,以便對(duì)實(shí)踐進(jìn)行指導(dǎo)。目前各省市進(jìn)行排污權(quán)抵押的實(shí)踐活動(dòng)主要以地方環(huán)保局和人行當(dāng)?shù)刂新?lián)合發(fā)布管理辦法的形式進(jìn)行指導(dǎo),這些規(guī)范文件法律效力層級(jí)低,缺乏統(tǒng)一上位法的指導(dǎo),在具體的各項(xiàng)程序規(guī)定中,關(guān)于排污權(quán)擔(dān)保形態(tài)為權(quán)利抵押還是權(quán)利質(zhì)押的說(shuō)法各執(zhí)一詞;對(duì)排污權(quán)設(shè)立抵押進(jìn)行公示的方法語(yǔ)焉不詳,此外,排污權(quán)抵押時(shí)估值的參考因素尚存在差異和不盡合理之處,抵押權(quán)人最終實(shí)現(xiàn)抵押權(quán)的途徑也仍需完善。這些排污權(quán)抵押實(shí)踐中的亂象,迫切要求對(duì)排污權(quán)抵押制度進(jìn)行立法,排污權(quán)抵押入法不僅能夠豐富傳統(tǒng)民法上的擔(dān)保形式,并且必然降低排污權(quán)進(jìn)行抵押的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),鼓勵(lì)更多企業(yè)和銀行參與其中,從而擴(kuò)大排污權(quán)交易的影響促進(jìn)排污權(quán)交易體系完善。排污權(quán)能夠進(jìn)行抵押,存在正當(dāng)性依據(jù)。排污權(quán)的客體是環(huán)境容量,環(huán)境容量具有一定的價(jià)值,能夠滿(mǎn)足人類(lèi)的某種需要且能夠?yàn)槿祟?lèi)所支配,這一概念符合民法上物的特征,排污權(quán)實(shí)質(zhì)上是對(duì)環(huán)境容量進(jìn)行使用、收益的權(quán)利,因而是一種用益物權(quán)。用益物權(quán)可以作為抵押物進(jìn)行抵押,在我國(guó)已有立法先例。針對(duì)實(shí)踐中存在的法律問(wèn)題,首先,應(yīng)統(tǒng)一排污權(quán)擔(dān)保的形態(tài)為抵押,這是由排污權(quán)的用益物權(quán)屬性和我國(guó)排污權(quán)交易市場(chǎng)現(xiàn)狀共同決定的;其次,應(yīng)明確排污權(quán)抵押的公示方法為登記要件主義,把排污權(quán)抵押登記作為抵押權(quán)的生效要件,才能便于管理防止濫權(quán);第三,抵押時(shí),對(duì)排污權(quán)的估值應(yīng)以市場(chǎng)價(jià)格為基礎(chǔ)以政府定價(jià)為指導(dǎo),避免公權(quán)過(guò)度介入私權(quán);最后,為了抵押權(quán)能夠更好實(shí)現(xiàn),應(yīng)當(dāng)著力培育成熟的二級(jí)市場(chǎng),使通過(guò)交易平臺(tái)轉(zhuǎn)讓給適格第三方以及通過(guò)法院拍賣(mài)的實(shí)現(xiàn)途徑成為主流,并設(shè)立專(zhuān)項(xiàng)保險(xiǎn),為抵押權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)保駕護(hù)航。
[Abstract]:The pilot project of emission trading has developed vigorously all over the country, but its legal status has not been confirmed by the law of our country, and there is an awkward situation that the legislation falls behind the practice, so it is urgent to establish the emission right from the legal level. In order to guide the practice. At present, the practical activities in various provinces and cities to carry out pollution discharge rights mortgage are mainly guided by the joint issuance of management measures by local environmental protection bureaus and local branches of the people's Bank of China. These normative documents are of low legal effect and lack the guidance of unified upper law. In the specific procedural provisions, the statement that the form of emission right guarantee is the right pledge or the right pledge is different; The method of publicizing the mortgage of pollution discharge right is unclear. In addition, the reference factors of the valuation of pollution discharge right mortgage are still different and unreasonable, and the way for the mortgagee to realize the mortgage right is still perfect. These disorderly phenomena in the practice of pollution discharge right mortgage urgently request to legislate the pollution discharge right mortgage system. The pollution discharge right mortgage law can not only enrich the traditional guarantee form in civil law, but also reduce the risk of pollution discharge right mortgage. Encourage more enterprises and banks to participate, thereby expanding the impact of emissions trading to improve the emissions trading system. Emission rights can be collateralized, there is a legitimate basis. The object of the pollution discharge right is the environmental capacity, which has certain value, can meet the needs of human beings and can be controlled by human beings. This concept accords with the characteristics of the civil law, and the pollution discharge right is essentially the use of the environmental capacity. The right to gain, therefore, is a usufructuary right. Usufructuary right can be used as collateral, and there is a legislative precedent in our country. In view of the legal problems existing in practice, firstly, we should unify the form of emission rights guarantee as collateral, which is decided by the property of usufruct of emission rights and the current situation of emission trading market in China. Secondly, it should be made clear that the public method of emission mortgage is registration essentialism, and the registration of pollution discharge right mortgage should be regarded as the effective requirement of mortgage, so as to be easy to manage and prevent abuse. Third, when mortgaging, the valuation of emission rights should be based on the market price and the government price as the guidance to avoid the excessive involvement of public rights in private rights; Finally, in order to achieve the mortgage better, we should focus on nurturing a mature secondary market, so that the transfer through the trading platform to eligible third parties and through the realization of court auctions into the mainstream, and the establishment of special insurance, Escort for the realization of mortgage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D922.68

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