【摘要】：緊急狀態(tài)屬于一種非常態(tài)的社會(huì)狀態(tài)。通常在一個(gè)國(guó)家面臨巨大危機(jī)，威脅國(guó)家和人民的安全時(shí)才會(huì)出現(xiàn)。當(dāng)國(guó)家進(jìn)入緊急狀態(tài)后，國(guó)家權(quán)力會(huì)在一個(gè)較短的時(shí)內(nèi)不斷擴(kuò)張、集中、強(qiáng)化，我們稱這種權(quán)力為國(guó)家緊急權(quán)，而此時(shí)，與之相對(duì)的公民的基本權(quán)利會(huì)面臨前所未有的威脅，而這種威脅是與我國(guó)的憲法精神相違背的。因此，怎樣讓這種緊急權(quán)力得到有效的行使，同時(shí)又與保護(hù)公民的基本權(quán)利的憲法精神相一致，就是筆者論述的關(guān)鍵。 本文采納對(duì)比分析方法、實(shí)證研究方法、歷史分析法等研究方法，對(duì)我國(guó)的緊急狀態(tài)下公民基本權(quán)利限制與保護(hù)的相關(guān)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析與研究。本文研究的重點(diǎn)在于國(guó)家緊急權(quán)在緊急狀態(tài)下怎樣合法、合理的行使；國(guó)家緊急權(quán)對(duì)公民基本權(quán)利的限制的目的，正當(dāng)性和必要限度；國(guó)家緊急權(quán)對(duì)公民基本權(quán)利的限制和保護(hù)之間的平衡等。本文創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)在于：在對(duì)緊急狀態(tài)下對(duì)權(quán)利限制的目的、正當(dāng)性、必要性的進(jìn)行論述基礎(chǔ)之上，筆者更注重對(duì)限制的限度即對(duì)限制的限制和限制與保護(hù)之間的平衡進(jìn)行深度研究，并針對(duì)我國(guó)緊急狀態(tài)下對(duì)公民基本權(quán)利限制與保護(hù)的相關(guān)制度問(wèn)題提出了的建議。 論文通過(guò)介紹國(guó)外緊急狀態(tài)下人權(quán)克減的制度研究對(duì)我國(guó)緊急狀態(tài)下公民基本權(quán)利的限制與保護(hù)相關(guān)制度的構(gòu)建和完善予以借鑒參考，并通過(guò)對(duì)目前我國(guó)緊急狀態(tài)下存在的對(duì)公民權(quán)利的限制與保護(hù)所遇到的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析，提出相應(yīng)的對(duì)策、建議，出臺(tái)《緊急狀態(tài)法》作為緊急狀態(tài)下緊急權(quán)行使的統(tǒng)一法律依據(jù)，進(jìn)一步完善相關(guān)法律體系，填補(bǔ)法律空白，規(guī)范緊急狀態(tài)下緊急權(quán)的行使程序；構(gòu)建緊急狀態(tài)下的行政管理體制，設(shè)立專門(mén)的行政組織機(jī)構(gòu)建立和完善緊急狀態(tài)下公民基本權(quán)利的救濟(jì)機(jī)制等。 基于以上的分析和論證，得出本文的結(jié)論：緊急狀態(tài)下公民權(quán)利的限制與保護(hù)是我國(guó)憲法的基本要求，要保障公民權(quán)利真正由“應(yīng)然”轉(zhuǎn)為“實(shí)然”狀態(tài)，并不受行政機(jī)關(guān)的隨意限制或克減，就迫切需要我們出臺(tái)《緊急狀態(tài)法》作為緊急狀態(tài)的統(tǒng)一法律依據(jù)；同時(shí)，在原有的緊急狀態(tài)制度上進(jìn)一步完善現(xiàn)有制度，，包括緊急狀態(tài)下的行政管理制度、信息公開(kāi)制度、公民救濟(jì)制度等。
[Abstract]:A state of emergency belongs to an abnormal social state. It usually occurs when a country is facing a huge crisis that threatens the security of the nation and its people. When the state of emergency enters into a state of emergency, the power of the state expands, centralizes, and intensifies in a relatively short period of time. We call this power the emergency power of the state, and at this point, the fundamental rights of citizens as opposed to them will face unprecedented threats. This threat is contrary to the spirit of our constitution. Therefore, how to effectively exercise this emergency power, and at the same time consistent with the constitutional spirit of protecting the basic rights of citizens, is the key point discussed by the author. This paper adopts the methods of comparative analysis, empirical research and historical analysis to analyze and study the problems related to the restriction and protection of citizens' basic rights under the state of emergency in China. The focus of this paper is how to exercise the state emergency power legally and reasonably, the purpose, the legitimacy and the necessary limit of the state emergency power to the citizen's basic rights. The balance between the restriction and protection of the basic rights of citizens by the state emergency power. The innovation of this paper lies in: on the basis of discussing the purpose, legitimacy and necessity of the restriction of rights under the state of emergency, the author pays more attention to the limit of the restriction, that is, the restriction and the balance between the restriction and the protection, and carries on the deep research on the limitation and the balance between the restriction and the protection. Some suggestions are put forward for the restriction and protection of citizens' basic rights under the state of emergency. By introducing the system of human rights derogation in foreign countries, the paper makes a reference to the establishment and perfection of the basic rights restriction and protection system of citizens under the state of emergency in our country. Through the analysis of the problems existing in the restriction and protection of civil rights under the current state of emergency in China, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward. Introducing the Emergency Law as the unified legal basis for the exercise of emergency power under a state of emergency, further improving the relevant legal system, filling the legal gap, and standardizing the procedure for the exercise of emergency power under a state of emergency; The administrative management system under the state of emergency and the special administrative organization should be set up to establish and perfect the relief mechanism of the citizens' basic rights under the state of emergency. Based on the above analysis and argumentation, this paper draws the conclusion that the restriction and protection of civil rights under the state of emergency is the basic requirement of the constitution of our country. It is not subject to arbitrary restrictions or derogations from administrative organs, so it is urgent for us to issue the Emergency Law as the unified legal basis for a state of emergency. At the same time, we should further improve the existing system on the basis of the original state of emergency system. Including the state of emergency administration system, information disclosure system, civil relief system and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D922.1

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本文編號(hào)：2212979