【摘要】：人工生殖技術(shù)的成熟與發(fā)展衍生出了代孕生殖技術(shù)。在現(xiàn)代社會，許多女性因無法生育，不得不選擇代孕這一方式。但代孕有違傳統(tǒng)倫理道德被法律所禁止，而法律的禁止與現(xiàn)實(shí)需求間的矛盾使代孕呈現(xiàn)地下化的趨勢，反而滋生諸多社會問題。由此可見，應(yīng)該通過立法對予以代孕規(guī)制，以化解法律與社會的矛盾沖突，穩(wěn)定社會秩序，保障代孕相關(guān)主體的合法權(quán)益。 通過考察世界其他國家或地區(qū)的代孕立法，有的完全禁止代孕，有的完全開放代孕，有的則部分開放代孕。其中，我國臺灣地區(qū)對代孕持有條件開放的立法態(tài)度，且立法已取得一定的成果，，特別是《代孕生殖法》草案的公布，使代孕問題得到了解決。通過采用比較研究和文本分析的方法，探求臺灣地區(qū)解決代孕問題的思路和具體方法，總結(jié)其經(jīng)驗(yàn)和不足，以更好地處理代孕問題。 從臺灣地區(qū)對代孕問題的立法規(guī)制歷程來看，其經(jīng)歷了倫理指導(dǎo)——行政指導(dǎo)——立法指導(dǎo)的變遷過程，究其變遷的原因，一是社會現(xiàn)實(shí)的變化和需求導(dǎo)致立法的變遷，二是理論的沖突和競爭促進(jìn)立法的變遷，《人工生殖法》、《代孕生殖法》草案都是在該背景下出臺的。從《代孕生殖法》草案中的具體內(nèi)容來看，立法對代孕問題皆作了系統(tǒng)、全面的規(guī)定：代孕前，審查代孕主體資格、制定定型化代孕契約；代孕中，代孕的終止、代孕主體權(quán)益的維護(hù)、代孕醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)的責(zé)任與義務(wù)；代孕后，代孕子女權(quán)益的保護(hù)、代孕者探視權(quán)、代孕相關(guān)資料的制作、保存、代孕子女的查詢權(quán)等問題都有相應(yīng)的規(guī)定。從代孕立法規(guī)制背后的法律文化來看，其是法律文化變遷的結(jié)果，即法律文化競爭、沖突、融合的結(jié)果。因而，二者間的關(guān)系表現(xiàn)為，代孕法律文化的變遷直接影響代孕立法的變遷，代孕立法的變遷間接影響代孕法律文化的變遷，這是其間的互動關(guān)系。 通過對臺灣地區(qū)代孕立法的考察，對代孕既不可簡單地一禁了之，也不能完全開放，撒手不管，應(yīng)結(jié)合社會現(xiàn)實(shí)的需要、理論研究的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r以及法律文化的發(fā)展情況等因素來制定代孕立法，這樣才能使紙面的法轉(zhuǎn)化為事實(shí)層面的法，才能有效治理代孕，維護(hù)代孕相關(guān)主體的合法權(quán)益，穩(wěn)定社會秩序，實(shí)現(xiàn)法律的價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:The maturity and development of artificial reproduction technology has derived surrogate reproductive technology. In modern society, many women have to choose surrogacy because they cannot bear children. But surrogacy is prohibited by the law against the traditional ethics, and the contradiction between the prohibition of the law and the actual needs makes the surrogacy present a tendency of subterfuge, which leads to a lot of social problems. Thus, we should regulate surrogacy through legislation to resolve the conflict between law and society, to stabilize social order and to protect the legitimate rights and interests of surrogacy related subjects. By investigating the surrogacy legislation in other countries or regions of the world, some completely prohibit surrogacy, some are completely open to surrogacy, and some are partially open to surrogacy. Among them, Taiwan has an open legislative attitude to the conditions of surrogacy, and some achievements have been made in the legislation, especially the publication of the draft of the surrogate Reproductive Law, which has solved the problem of surrogacy. By using the methods of comparative study and text analysis, this paper explores the train of thought and concrete method of solving surrogacy in Taiwan, summarizes its experience and deficiency, and deals with surrogacy better. From the perspective of the process of legislation regulation on surrogacy in Taiwan, it has undergone the process of ethical guidance, administrative guidance and legislative guidance. The reasons for this change are as follows: first, the change of social reality and demand lead to the change of legislation. Second, the conflict of theory and the change of competition promotion legislation. The draft of artificial reproduction law and surrogate reproduction law are all issued under this background. From the specific content of the draft of the "surrogate Reproductive Law", the legislation makes a systematic and comprehensive provision on surrogacy: before surrogacy, the qualification of surrogacy is examined, and the contract of stereotyped surrogacy is formulated; in surrogacy, the termination of surrogacy, The protection of the rights and interests of the surrogate subject, the responsibility and obligation of the surrogate medical institution, the protection of the rights and interests of the surrogate child after surrogate pregnancy, the right to visit the surrogate, the making and preservation of the related information of the surrogate, the inquiry right of the surrogate child, etc. From the perspective of the legal culture behind the regulation of surrogacy legislation, it is the result of the change of legal culture, that is, the result of competition, conflict and integration of legal culture. Therefore, the relationship between the two shows that the vicissitude of surrogacy legal culture directly affects the vicissitude of surrogacy legislation, and the vicissitude of surrogate legislation indirectly affects the vicissitudes of surrogate legal culture, which is the interactive relationship between them. Through the investigation of surrogacy legislation in Taiwan, surrogacy cannot be simply banned, nor can it be completely opened up. It should be given up in the light of the needs of social reality. The development of theoretical research and the development of legal culture to formulate surrogacy legislation, so that the paper law can be transformed into the factual level of law, in order to effectively govern surrogate pregnancy, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of surrogacy related subjects. To stabilize social order and realize the value of law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D922.16

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