家庭承包經營權入股有限責任公司法律問題研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-18 13:27
【摘要】：家庭承包經營權“三權分置”政策出臺之后,權利入股成為家庭承包經營權流轉和現代農業(yè)發(fā)展的主要形式。家庭承包經營權入股有限責任公司是農民以家庭承包經營權作為資本,投入到有限責任公司,從而獲得股權的行為。本文研究目的是:家庭承包經營權入股有限責任公司的合理性和相關的制度構建。首先,分析了家庭承包經營權入股的主體形式選擇,并以江蘇省農村土地股份合作社、重慶市農地入股有限責任公司、四川省家庭承包經營權入股農民專業(yè)合作社為對比的實證樣本,分析家庭承包經營權入股有限責任公司的地方模式,明確家庭承包經營權入股有限責任公司是承包經營權入股的最為合理的法律主體形態(tài)。因為,對比其他入股主體形式,有限責任公司人資兩合性有利于維護農民股東權益;有限責任公司有較大的自治權;有限責任公司有較強的外部資本能力;有限責任公司模式更適合我國家庭農場的發(fā)展。其次,分析了家庭承包經營權入股有限責任公司的正當性。2015年出臺的“中央一號文件”和2016年出臺的“中央一號文件”提出了“堅持集體所有權、穩(wěn)定農村的土地承包關系、放活土地經營權、明晰三權分置的解決辦法”和改革政策,為權能分離理論之下家庭承包經營權入股提供了政策依據�；诮洕鷮W和法學界三權分置的學術爭論,本文提出土地經營權從家庭承包權分離,并作為入股客體的構想。再次,從家庭承包經營權入股有限責任公司的前置性制度出發(fā),分析家庭承包經營權入股客體的制度需求,建議立法應明確土地經營權的概念、明晰產權、登記土地經營權并及時修改《承包法》和《物權法》的規(guī)定,確立土地經營權制度。之后,本文研究了家庭承包經營權入股的一般性問題,建議規(guī)范土地價格評估機構,明確土地價格評估標準;針對入股后農民生存權保障的風險,建議構建收益權制度、拍賣補貼制度和入股保險制度。最后,從家庭承包經營權入股有限責任公司的專門性制度構建出發(fā),針對《公司法》股東人數限制不適應農民股東的沖突,建議立法增加規(guī)定,即允許農民股東人數超過50人上限的規(guī)定或者參照信托持股制規(guī)定股東人數;針對承包經營權期限沖突問題,建議建立自動續(xù)期制度;針對股權轉讓問題,建議取消《承包法》的限制性規(guī)定,允許土地經營權的自由流轉;針對公司治理過程中農民股東和非農民股東的沖突,建議以優(yōu)先股制度加以解決。本文的研究結論是,家庭承包經營權入股有限責任公司是未來農業(yè)發(fā)展的合理主體形態(tài)。在“三權分置”政策法制化之后,立法應明確土地經營權的客體地位,承包經營權人有權自主以土地經營權入股有限責任公司,其入股不應受到限制。但是,基于家庭承包權保障功能,部分農民家庭仍然以土地經營為唯一收入來源的考量,雖然土地經營權具有較強財產屬性,立法仍然應完善相關的社會保障制度,建議通過設立入股農民的農業(yè)保險制度,預防公司在農業(yè)經營的市場風險。
[Abstract]:After the policy of "separation of three powers" of household contractual management rights was promulgated, the right to share-holding became the main form of the circulation of household contractual management rights and the development of modern agriculture. The purpose is: the rationality of the household contractual management right to share in the limited liability company and the related system construction. Firstly, this paper analyzes the main form of the household contractual management right to share in the farmers'professional cooperatives, including Jiangsu rural land stock cooperatives, Chongqing farmland stock limited liability company, Sichuan household contractual management right to share in the farmers' professional cooperatives. For the comparison of the empirical samples, this paper analyzes the local mode of the household contractual management right shareholding in the limited liability company, and makes it clear that the household contractual management right shareholding in the limited liability company is the most reasonable legal subject form of the contractual management right shareholding. Eastern equity; limited liability company has greater autonomy; limited liability company has stronger external capital capacity; limited liability company model is more suitable for the development of family farms in China. Secondly, it analyzes the legitimacy of household contractual management right to share in limited liability company. The first document of the Central Committee put forward the policy of "insisting on collective ownership, stabilizing rural land contracting relations, letting go of land management rights, and clarifying the solution of the separation of the three powers" and reform, which provided the policy basis for the household contracting management rights under the theory of separation of powers and functions. Thirdly, starting from the pre-system of household contractual management right to share in limited liability company, this paper analyzes the system demand of household contractual management right to share in limited liability company, and suggests that legislation should clarify the concept of land management right, clarify property rights, register land management right and so on. After that, this paper studies the general problems of the household contract management right, proposes to standardize the land price appraisal organization, clarify the land price appraisal standard, and proposes to construct the income right system and auction subsidy system in view of the risk of the peasants'right to subsistence. Finally, starting from the construction of the special system of the household contractual management right to share in the limited liability company, and aiming at the conflict that the limited number of shareholders in the Company Law is not suitable for the peasant shareholders, it is suggested that legislation should be added to stipulate that the number of peasant shareholders should be allowed to exceed the upper limit of 50 or the shareholders should be stipulated by the trust shareholding system. In view of the conflict of the term of the contractual management right, it is proposed to establish an automatic renewal system; in view of the transfer of equity, it is proposed to abolish the restrictive provisions of the Contract Law and allow the free circulation of the land management right; in view of the conflict between the farmers'shareholders and non-farmers' shareholders in the process of corporate governance, it is proposed to solve it by the preferential stock system. The conclusion is that the household contractual management right is the rational main form of the future agricultural development. After the legalization of the policy of "separation of powers", the object status of the land management right should be clearly defined in legislation, and the owner of the contractual management right has the right to own the land management right to share in the limited liability company, and his share should not be restricted. In terms of the protection function of household contract right, some peasant households still take land management as the sole source of income. Although land management right has strong property attribute, the relevant social security system should be perfected by legislation. It is suggested that the agricultural insurance system of the peasants who have taken part in the stock should be established to prevent the market risk of the company in the agricultural operation.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.32
本文編號：2189610
[Abstract]:After the policy of "separation of three powers" of household contractual management rights was promulgated, the right to share-holding became the main form of the circulation of household contractual management rights and the development of modern agriculture. The purpose is: the rationality of the household contractual management right to share in the limited liability company and the related system construction. Firstly, this paper analyzes the main form of the household contractual management right to share in the farmers'professional cooperatives, including Jiangsu rural land stock cooperatives, Chongqing farmland stock limited liability company, Sichuan household contractual management right to share in the farmers' professional cooperatives. For the comparison of the empirical samples, this paper analyzes the local mode of the household contractual management right shareholding in the limited liability company, and makes it clear that the household contractual management right shareholding in the limited liability company is the most reasonable legal subject form of the contractual management right shareholding. Eastern equity; limited liability company has greater autonomy; limited liability company has stronger external capital capacity; limited liability company model is more suitable for the development of family farms in China. Secondly, it analyzes the legitimacy of household contractual management right to share in limited liability company. The first document of the Central Committee put forward the policy of "insisting on collective ownership, stabilizing rural land contracting relations, letting go of land management rights, and clarifying the solution of the separation of the three powers" and reform, which provided the policy basis for the household contracting management rights under the theory of separation of powers and functions. Thirdly, starting from the pre-system of household contractual management right to share in limited liability company, this paper analyzes the system demand of household contractual management right to share in limited liability company, and suggests that legislation should clarify the concept of land management right, clarify property rights, register land management right and so on. After that, this paper studies the general problems of the household contract management right, proposes to standardize the land price appraisal organization, clarify the land price appraisal standard, and proposes to construct the income right system and auction subsidy system in view of the risk of the peasants'right to subsistence. Finally, starting from the construction of the special system of the household contractual management right to share in the limited liability company, and aiming at the conflict that the limited number of shareholders in the Company Law is not suitable for the peasant shareholders, it is suggested that legislation should be added to stipulate that the number of peasant shareholders should be allowed to exceed the upper limit of 50 or the shareholders should be stipulated by the trust shareholding system. In view of the conflict of the term of the contractual management right, it is proposed to establish an automatic renewal system; in view of the transfer of equity, it is proposed to abolish the restrictive provisions of the Contract Law and allow the free circulation of the land management right; in view of the conflict between the farmers'shareholders and non-farmers' shareholders in the process of corporate governance, it is proposed to solve it by the preferential stock system. The conclusion is that the household contractual management right is the rational main form of the future agricultural development. After the legalization of the policy of "separation of powers", the object status of the land management right should be clearly defined in legislation, and the owner of the contractual management right has the right to own the land management right to share in the limited liability company, and his share should not be restricted. In terms of the protection function of household contract right, some peasant households still take land management as the sole source of income. Although land management right has strong property attribute, the relevant social security system should be perfected by legislation. It is suggested that the agricultural insurance system of the peasants who have taken part in the stock should be established to prevent the market risk of the company in the agricultural operation.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.32
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