【摘要】：媒體法是一個國家對新聞媒體傳播行為所實施的法律規(guī)范,其目的是保障新聞媒體的表達自由權(quán),而這是通過構(gòu)建表達自由權(quán)與社會其他主體權(quán)利之間的平衡和對權(quán)利的兼顧來實現(xiàn)的,在這里既包括對表達自由權(quán)的保護,也包括對此權(quán)利的制約、防止權(quán)利的濫用兩個層面。與制定成文媒體法的國家不同,澳大利亞媒體法不是單一的法律文件,在法律實踐的過程中主要是通過由立法程序頒布的成文法和法院判例保障媒體表達自由的權(quán)利,是涉及多個法律文件的眾多成文法規(guī)范以及普通法的集合體。澳大利亞媒體法在繼承英國法律體系和原則的同時也展現(xiàn)出自己的立法特色和本地化內(nèi)涵,并成為許多西方國家以及廣大發(fā)展中國家借鑒的典范之一。由于澳大利亞媒體法所涵蓋的范圍十分廣泛,本文選取了最有代表性的憲法、信息自由法、禁載性規(guī)定、誹謗法、隱私法五個方面從表達自由權(quán)與國家、社會和個人權(quán)利的關(guān)系上考察媒體法對表達自由的保障,以期從整體上把握澳大利亞媒體法的法律原則和總體脈絡(luò)。澳大利亞的政治體制和法律制度在很大程度上是對英國和美國體制的繼承和借鑒,而這是澳大利亞媒體法形成的重要基礎(chǔ)。憲法是一個國家的根本大法,往往對表達自由權(quán)進行了規(guī)定和闡釋,表現(xiàn)出一個國家對表達自由的基本認識和理解,盡管澳大利亞憲法對保障表達自由沒有做出明確規(guī)定,但在法律實踐中則通過相關(guān)憲法判例對媒體表達自由予以保護和限制,這種潛在性憲法權(quán)利受到英國表達自由思想以及國際法的影響。從國家層面來說,信息自由法對保護知情權(quán)與維護國家信息安全的關(guān)系進行了界定,是媒體與國家關(guān)系中最為重要的方面,是知情權(quán)得到保障的重要法律,澳大利亞信息自由法對知情權(quán)的保護和限制問題進行了較為詳細的規(guī)定,具有很強的可操作性。從社會層面來講,任何活動都要以維護公眾利益、社會公德為基礎(chǔ),一些禁載性規(guī)定在規(guī)范抗辯事由保護表達自由權(quán)的同時,對媒體的傳播內(nèi)容進行了規(guī)制,其中禁止種族歧視、禁止褻瀆宗教、禁止淫穢色情內(nèi)容的傳播是最為典型的方面,澳大利亞有關(guān)的禁載性規(guī)定對這三個方面進行了詳細的闡釋,在與英國的比較中體現(xiàn)出更為合理的法律精神。名譽權(quán)和隱私權(quán)被認為是重要的人格權(quán)利予以保護,但是在一些情況下會與表達自由權(quán)產(chǎn)生矛盾與沖突,澳大利亞誹謗法對誹謗事件的認定、誹謗訴訟的訴前調(diào)解以及抗辯事由等問題進行了法律規(guī)制,澳大利亞隱私法對個人隱私權(quán)的保護以及媒體侵犯隱私和對侵犯隱私指控的抗辯等問題進行了法律闡釋,通過對這兩種法律的分析,以期從媒體與個人權(quán)利的關(guān)系上把握澳大利亞媒體法的理解與特征。比較研究方法的采用將澳大利亞媒體法相關(guān)問題與英國和美國進行了對比性觀照,以加深對澳大利亞媒體法的研究深度和總體把握。
[Abstract]:The media law is a legal norm that a country implements for the conduct of news media dissemination. Its purpose is to protect the right of freedom of expression of the news media. This is achieved by building a balance between the right of freedom of expression and the rights of other subjects in society and giving consideration to the rights. Here it includes the protection of the right of freedom of expression as well as the protection of the right to freedom of expression. Different from the countries that have enacted statutory media laws, Australian media law is not a single legal document. In the process of legal practice, the right to freedom of expression of the media is guaranteed mainly through statutory laws promulgated by legislative procedures and court precedents. It involves many legal documents. The Australian Media Law has not only inherited the British legal system and principles, but also displayed its own legislative characteristics and localization connotation. It has become one of the models for many western countries and developing countries to draw lessons from. This paper chooses the most representative constitution, freedom of information law, prohibitive provisions, libel law and privacy law to examine the protection of freedom of expression in media law from the relationship between freedom of expression and state, society and individual rights in order to grasp the legal principles and overall context of Australian media law as a whole. The Constitution is the fundamental law of a country, which often prescribes and interprets the right to freedom of expression, showing a country's basic understanding and understanding of freedom of expression, although Australia does. The sub-constitution does not explicitly stipulate the protection of freedom of expression, but in legal practice it protects and restricts the freedom of expression of the media through relevant constitutional precedents. This potential constitutional right is influenced by the ideas of freedom of expression in Britain and international law. From the national level, the freedom of information law protects the right to know and safeguards the state. The relationship between information security is defined as the most important aspect of the relationship between the media and the state. It is also an important law to guarantee the right to know. The Australian Freedom of Information Act provides in detail the protection and restriction of the right to know. It is very maneuverable. The public interest, social morality as the basis, some prohibitive provisions regulate the right to freedom of expression while regulating the defense, which prohibits racial discrimination, blasphemy of religion, and the dissemination of obscene and pornographic content are the most typical aspects. Australian prohibitive provisions on these three aspects The right of reputation and privacy is considered to be important personality rights to be protected, but in some cases there will be contradictions and conflicts with the right to freedom of expression, the Australian libel law cognizance of libel incidents, pre-litigation mediation of libel proceedings. The Australian Privacy Law gives legal explanations on the protection of personal privacy, the media's invasion of privacy and the defense against the accusation of invasion of privacy. Through the analysis of the two laws, the author hopes to grasp the understanding of Australian media law from the relationship between media and individual rights. In order to deepen the research depth and overall grasp of the Australian media method, the comparative research method is adopted to compare the relevant issues of the Australian media method with those of the United Kingdom and the United States.
【學位授予單位】：河北大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D961.1;DD912.1

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