本文選題：“四要件” + “三階層遞進(jìn)式構(gòu)成要件”��； 參考：《華南理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：從世界歷史范圍來看，國家賠償制度歷經(jīng)否定、相對肯定和完全肯定等階段，與人民主權(quán)、法治、人權(quán)保障、國家責(zé)任等原則理念的發(fā)展息息相關(guān)�，F(xiàn)今，國家賠償制度在許多國家都已建立，國家應(yīng)當(dāng)對因公權(quán)力行使致?lián)p的當(dāng)事人負(fù)責(zé)賠償毋庸置疑。 在國家賠償責(zé)任理論中，作為判斷國家機(jī)關(guān)應(yīng)否承擔(dān)法律責(zé)任的依據(jù)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，較之歸責(zé)原則更加具體明確的乃是責(zé)任構(gòu)成要件理論。這一理論在我國學(xué)界存有“三要件說”與“四要件說”--它們之間并無本質(zhì)區(qū)別，總體來講，兩者均包含了主體要件、行為要件、損害結(jié)果要件和因果關(guān)系要件。然而，此種平行構(gòu)成要件說未能將違法阻卻事由涵括在內(nèi)，存在結(jié)構(gòu)性缺失，，各要件間無層次性特征更是導(dǎo)致責(zé)任確立過程不具有嚴(yán)密邏輯性，因而司法實(shí)踐上存在適用缺陷，不能完美體現(xiàn)國家賠償制度的救濟(jì)與人權(quán)保障功能。因此，本文試圖援引刑事犯罪構(gòu)成與民事侵權(quán)責(zé)任中“三階層遞進(jìn)式構(gòu)成要件”理論，在充分論證其理論優(yōu)勢及由刑事、民事領(lǐng)域轉(zhuǎn)化為國家賠償責(zé)任所用的合理性上，嘗試建構(gòu)國家賠償責(zé)任的“三階層遞進(jìn)式構(gòu)成要件”理論，并通過具體案例分析說明這種嘗試的合理性與有效性，在此基礎(chǔ)上建構(gòu)不同以往的國家賠償歸責(zé)體系，以期為我國國家賠償責(zé)任理論發(fā)展與司法實(shí)踐的正確運(yùn)用貢獻(xiàn)自己綿薄之力。
[Abstract]:From the historical scope of the world, the state compensation system has gone through the stages of negation, relative affirmation and complete affirmation. It is closely related to the development of the principles of people's sovereignty, the rule of law, the protection of human rights, and the state responsibility. Now, the state compensation system has been established in many countries, and the state should be responsible for the compensation of the parties who have been damaged by the exercise of the power of the public. Beyond all doubt.
In the theory of state compensation liability, as the basis and standard to judge whether the state organs should bear legal responsibility, more specific and clear than the principle of imputation is the theory of the constitutive requirements of responsibility. There are "three essentials" and "four elements" in the academic circles of our country - there is no essential difference between them. In general, both are wrapped. It contains the main elements, the behavior elements, the damage result elements and the causality elements. However, such parallel elements can not include the cause of violation of the law, and there are structural deficiencies, and the non hierarchical characteristics between the various elements cause the process of responsibility establishment not to be strictly logical, so there are defects in the judicial practice. Therefore, this article tries to invoke the theory of "three progressive constitutive elements" in the constitution of criminal crime and civil tort liability, and try to construct state compensation in the reasonableness of demonstrating its theoretical advantages and the rationality of the transformation from criminal and civil field to state compensation liability. The "three strata progressive constitutive elements" theory of responsibility, and through specific case analysis to explain the rationality and effectiveness of this attempt, on this basis, to construct different national compensation liability system, in order to contribute to the positive application of the development of China's state compensation liability theory and judicial practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D922.1

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