本文選題：環(huán)境押金 + 固體廢物�。� 參考：《遼寧大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在以“減量化、再利用、再循環(huán)”(3Rs)為準(zhǔn)則的循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)理念的指導(dǎo)下,很多國(guó)家（地區(qū)）都開始采取環(huán)境押金制度來(lái)解決境內(nèi)的廢棄物回收再利用。在固體廢物回收方面,相比較另兩種固體廢棄物管理機(jī)制(預(yù)付處置費(fèi)、回收補(bǔ)貼)而言,押金返還制度都是一種低成本且高效的政策。環(huán)境押金沒有預(yù)付費(fèi)、產(chǎn)品消費(fèi)稅等存在的弊端(導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)過渡縮減),也沒有回收補(bǔ)貼所引發(fā)的副作用(刺激產(chǎn)品的過度消費(fèi)),此外環(huán)境押金制度還能改善并促進(jìn)環(huán)境友好設(shè)計(jì)。因此,押金制度是一種公認(rèn)的在對(duì)消費(fèi)者行為進(jìn)行規(guī)范、內(nèi)部化環(huán)境成本、促進(jìn)回收率提高等方面都堪稱理想的制度設(shè)計(jì)。該制度在世界上有著廣泛應(yīng)用,擁有眾多成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),近年來(lái)也一直都受到學(xué)者們的推崇,成為一些國(guó)家（地區(qū)）解決固體廢物污染問題的經(jīng)濟(jì)手段。隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)發(fā)展,人們的消費(fèi)水平較過去有了很大提高,越來(lái)越多消費(fèi)的同時(shí)也產(chǎn)生了大量固體廢物。固體廢棄物處理已經(jīng)成了我國(guó)目前亟需解決的一大問題。2008年出臺(tái)的《中華人民共和國(guó)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)促進(jìn)法》在3Rs原則的指導(dǎo)下,明確了生產(chǎn)者責(zé)任延伸原則,并首次提出對(duì)環(huán)境押金制度這一固體廢棄物回收方式的肯定。本文共分為四大部分。第一部分對(duì)環(huán)境押金制度進(jìn)行了概述,首先從環(huán)境押金的概念和性質(zhì)入手,對(duì)環(huán)境押金概念作出了界定,并將環(huán)境押金與相關(guān)概念相對(duì)比,以明確其性質(zhì)及特征。然后,對(duì)環(huán)境押金制度的理論基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行論述,分別從法學(xué)基礎(chǔ)和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行分析。第二部分論述了域外的環(huán)境押金制度,通過對(duì)瑞典、德國(guó)、美國(guó)和我國(guó)臺(tái)灣地區(qū)在不同時(shí)期針對(duì)不同產(chǎn)品所采取的環(huán)境押金制度進(jìn)行研究與分析,對(duì)比總結(jié)出了可以為我國(guó)環(huán)境押金制度所用的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。第三部分是對(duì)我國(guó)現(xiàn)有的與環(huán)境押金制度有關(guān)立法及實(shí)踐的分析,通過對(duì)相關(guān)法律法規(guī)及實(shí)踐的梳理,提出了我國(guó)實(shí)行環(huán)境押金制度所存在的問題。第四部分是我國(guó)環(huán)境押金制度的構(gòu)建,在環(huán)境押金制度推行時(shí)間、環(huán)境押金征收范圍、環(huán)境押金管理和環(huán)境押金返還四個(gè)方面為我國(guó)環(huán)境押金制度的構(gòu)建提出了建議。
[Abstract]:Under the guidance of "reduce, reuse, recycle" (3Rs) concept of circular economy, many countries (regions) begin to adopt environmental deposit system to solve the domestic waste recovery and reuse. In terms of solid waste recovery, the deposit return system is a low-cost and efficient policy compared with the other two solid waste management mechanisms (prepaid disposal fee, recovery subsidy). The environmental deposit is not prepaid, There are some drawbacks, such as product consumption tax (which leads to excessive reduction of production), no side effects caused by recycling subsidies (stimulating excessive consumption of products), and environmental deposit system can also improve and promote environmentally friendly design. Therefore, the deposit system is an ideal system design in regulating consumer behavior, internalizing environmental costs and promoting recovery. This system is widely used in the world and has many successful experiences. In recent years, it has been praised by scholars and become an economic means to solve the problem of solid waste pollution in some countries (regions). With the sustainable development of our economy, people's consumption level has been greatly improved compared with the past, more and more consumption has also produced a large number of solid waste. Solid waste disposal has become a big problem that needs to be solved in our country at present. Under the guidance of the 3Rs principle, the "Circular economy Promotion Law of the people's Republic of China" issued in 2008 defines the principle of extending producer responsibility. It is the first time to affirm the environmental deposit system as a solid waste recovery method. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part gives an overview of the environmental deposit system, starting with the concept and nature of the environmental deposit, defines the concept of the environmental deposit, and compares the environmental deposit with the related concepts in order to clarify its nature and characteristics. Then, the theoretical basis of the environmental deposit system is discussed, respectively from the legal basis and the economic basis of two aspects. The second part discusses the extraterritorial environmental deposit system, through the Sweden, Germany, the United States and Taiwan in different periods of time for different products of the environmental deposit system to carry out research and analysis. The experience that can be used for environmental deposit system in China is compared and summarized. The third part is the analysis of the existing legislation and practice of the environmental deposit system in China, through the combing of the relevant laws and regulations and practice, put forward the problems existing in the implementation of the environmental deposit system in China. The fourth part is the construction of the environmental deposit system in China. It puts forward some suggestions for the construction of the environmental deposit system in four aspects: the time of the implementation of the environmental deposit system, the scope of environmental deposit collection, the management of environmental deposit and the return of environmental deposit.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.68

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