本文選題：監(jiān)督法 + 執(zhí)法檢查制度　； 參考：《天津商業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：“天下之事,不難于立法,而難于法之必行�！眻�(zhí)法檢查是我國各級人大常委會的一種重要的法律監(jiān)督手段。作為一種新的監(jiān)督手段,執(zhí)法檢查制度不是一蹴而就的,而是總結(jié)了多年來各地成功的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn),歷經(jīng)了三十多年的不斷洗禮、不斷發(fā)展完善的過程,經(jīng)過了孕育雛形的萌芽階段、初步規(guī)范的制度化階段、最終于2006年被寫入《監(jiān)督法》。作為一種獨(dú)立存在的法律監(jiān)督形式,執(zhí)法檢查既符合歷史的需求,也是人大監(jiān)督制度發(fā)展的必然要求。而以《監(jiān)督法》文本為切入點(diǎn),系統(tǒng)探究執(zhí)法檢查制度法律規(guī)定的不足及完善的措施,對充分發(fā)揮執(zhí)法檢查制度的效能具有重要意義。根據(jù)《監(jiān)督法》的規(guī)定,各級人大常委會是監(jiān)督主體,但專門委員會具有“研究、審議和擬定議案的權(quán)力”,在一定程度上具有執(zhí)法檢查監(jiān)督權(quán)意義,因此,專門委員會也具有一定的主體適格空間。由于委員長會議或主任會議沒有實(shí)質(zhì)性的監(jiān)督權(quán)力,所以,委員長會議或主任會議不應(yīng)具有執(zhí)法檢查主體資格。根據(jù)《監(jiān)督法》規(guī)定,人大常委會的執(zhí)法檢查對象為同級的人民政府、人民法院、人民檢察院。但是,垂直管理部門與本地區(qū)的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展休戚與共,承擔(dān)著國家宏觀調(diào)控和服務(wù)地方經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的雙重功能,因此,垂直管理部門不應(yīng)成為執(zhí)法檢查的盲區(qū),應(yīng)受到人大常委會的監(jiān)督。同時(shí),為了使執(zhí)法檢查工作發(fā)揮最大實(shí)效性,執(zhí)法檢查對象不應(yīng)局限于同級的人民政府、人民法院、人民檢察院,應(yīng)將下級的人民政府、人民法院、人民檢察院納為執(zhí)法檢查對象�！侗O(jiān)督法》雖然對執(zhí)法檢查程序作了明文規(guī)定,但是有的內(nèi)容規(guī)定的比較原則,缺乏可操作性。譬如,執(zhí)法檢查程序規(guī)定不明確,執(zhí)法檢查組人員選任標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模糊,委托執(zhí)法檢查報(bào)告審議規(guī)定缺失,監(jiān)督公開制度不健全等。由此,建議明確執(zhí)法檢查程序規(guī)定,清晰界定執(zhí)法檢查組人員選任標(biāo)準(zhǔn),明文規(guī)定委托執(zhí)法檢查報(bào)告審議規(guī)定以及健全監(jiān)督公開機(jī)制。《監(jiān)督法》沒有明確規(guī)定執(zhí)法檢查的法律責(zé)任,但法律責(zé)任對提高執(zhí)法檢查實(shí)效性的意義不容低估,因此,《監(jiān)督法》應(yīng)設(shè)置法律責(zé)任專條,明確追究責(zé)任的情形,責(zé)任追究方式等內(nèi)容,進(jìn)一步完善執(zhí)法檢查制度,確保執(zhí)法檢查的貫徹落實(shí)。作為在實(shí)踐中發(fā)展起來的土生土長的新的監(jiān)督形式,執(zhí)法檢查制度必將隨著《監(jiān)督法》的不斷完善而發(fā)揮出更大的實(shí)效。
[Abstract]:"the affairs of the world are not difficult to legislate, but they are difficult to do." Law enforcement inspection is an important means of legal supervision of the standing Committee of the people's Congress at all levels of our country. As a new means of supervision, the system of law enforcement and inspection has not been completed overnight, but has summed up the successful practical experience of various places over the years, and has undergone more than 30 years of continuous baptism and continuous development and improvement. After the embryonic stage and the institutionalization stage of the preliminary standard, it was written into the Supervision Law in 2006. As an independent form of legal supervision, law enforcement inspection is not only in line with the historical needs, but also an inevitable requirement for the development of the supervision system of the National people's Congress. Taking the text of "Supervision Law" as the breakthrough point, it is of great significance to make full use of the effectiveness of the law enforcement inspection system by systematically exploring the deficiencies of the law enforcement inspection system and the measures to improve it. According to the provisions of the "Supervision Law," the standing committees of the people's congresses at all levels are the main body of supervision, but the special committees have "the power to study, consider and draft bills", and to some extent have the power to enforce the law and inspect and supervise, so, The special committee also has certain subject suitable space. Since the chairman's meeting or the chairman's meeting has no substantive supervisory power, the chairman's meeting or the chairman's meeting shall not have the qualification of the subject of law enforcement inspection. In accordance with the provisions of the Supervision Law, the NPC standing Committee shall inspect law enforcement by people's governments, people's courts and people's procuratorates at the same level. However, the vertical management departments share common interests with the coordinated development of the region and assume the dual functions of national macroeconomic regulation and control and serving the local economic construction. Therefore, the vertical management departments should not become blind areas for the inspection of law enforcement. It should be supervised by the standing Committee of the National people's Congress. At the same time, in order to maximize the effectiveness of the inspection of law enforcement, the object of inspection of law enforcement should not be limited to people's governments, people's courts, people's procuratorates at the same level, people's governments and people's courts at lower levels, Although the people's Procuratorate has made explicit provisions on the procedure of law enforcement inspection, some of the comparative principles stipulated in some contents are lacking in maneuverability. For example, the provisions of law enforcement inspection procedures are unclear, the criteria for the selection and appointment of personnel of law enforcement inspection groups are vague, the provisions on entrusting law enforcement inspection reports are missing, and the supervision and publicity system is not perfect, and so on. As a result, it is suggested that the procedures for the inspection of law enforcement should be clearly defined and the criteria for the selection and appointment of officers of the Inspection Unit of Law Enforcement The Law on Supervision does not clearly specify the legal responsibility of law enforcement inspection, but the significance of legal responsibility for improving the effectiveness of law enforcement inspection cannot be underestimated. Therefore, the "Supervision Law" should set up a special article on legal liability, make clear the situation of investigating the responsibility, the way of investigating the responsibility, and further perfect the law enforcement inspection system to ensure the implementation of the law enforcement inspection. As a new form of supervision born and raised in practice, the law enforcement and inspection system will play a more effective role with the continuous improvement of the "Supervision Law".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津商業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.11

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