本文選題：行政約談 + 柔性執(zhí)法��； 參考：《鄭州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),一種頗具中國(guó)特色的柔性行政執(zhí)法方式——行政約談在行政執(zhí)法實(shí)務(wù)中可謂是風(fēng)起云涌成效卓著。這種一改行政機(jī)關(guān)往常對(duì)相對(duì)人“板著臉”冷硬的行政執(zhí)法,掃徑以待地采取“笑著臉”相迎的互動(dòng)約談行為,已成為我國(guó)構(gòu)建服務(wù)型政府的一條特色進(jìn)路。行政約談作為順應(yīng)“行政管理方式多樣化”潮流興起的行政管理手段之一,已在諸如稅收征管、工商管理、食品安全、環(huán)境保護(hù)等行政領(lǐng)域取得了累累碩果。然而,由于對(duì)行政約談行為本身的界定及適用還處于法律的“亞健康”狀態(tài),對(duì)約談的法律屬性缺乏規(guī)范定性,加之其以靈活性著稱,由此導(dǎo)致了行政執(zhí)法過(guò)程中約談失位、約談越位的不當(dāng)情形時(shí)有發(fā)生,倒逼行政約談的規(guī)范化進(jìn)程,逐漸凸顯出究竟何時(shí)啟動(dòng)行政約談、行政約談的實(shí)施、行政約談不當(dāng)侵害被約談人權(quán)利時(shí)如何救濟(jì)等問(wèn)題亟待解決。本文欲通過(guò)學(xué)理分析和制度分析兩大方向?qū)ⅰ靶姓s談的規(guī)范化”這一詞組分化成“行政約談”本身的學(xué)理討論和“規(guī)范化”研究?jī)蓚�(gè)部分。在學(xué)理分析層面,從行政約談制度源頭的梳理入手,縷析行政約談在稅務(wù)稽查領(lǐng)域的興起以及其他領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的發(fā)展,剖析其內(nèi)在的理論基礎(chǔ);重點(diǎn)厘清行政約談的定性問(wèn)題,為后續(xù)盡量不落入空泛地進(jìn)行立法改革等論調(diào)的俗套,處理約談實(shí)踐中的具體問(wèn)題提供具體化的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。特別地,分析了僅以“行政行為論”為核心的分析方法進(jìn)行形式定性所產(chǎn)生的弊端,提出以“行政過(guò)程論”定性行政約談的有益探索,將其界定為不涉及后續(xù)處理的行政事實(shí)行為和特定情形下可能涉及后續(xù)進(jìn)行責(zé)令改正、行政處罰、行政強(qiáng)制等行政行為前的事實(shí)調(diào)查階段,并對(duì)政府與市場(chǎng)間的關(guān)系重新審視,提出應(yīng)結(jié)合行政約談“特定的行政目標(biāo)”這一實(shí)質(zhì)角度理解定性,即行政約談本質(zhì)上是發(fā)生市場(chǎng)失靈時(shí),政府對(duì)企業(yè)實(shí)施約談進(jìn)行政府干預(yù)的一種積極手段,在這一基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)其進(jìn)一步加以優(yōu)化和規(guī)約。在規(guī)范化分析層面,先總結(jié)出實(shí)踐中約談不當(dāng)?shù)膬深惽樾?綜合分析了行政約談現(xiàn)有規(guī)范文本由誰(shuí)制定、約談事項(xiàng)有哪些、經(jīng)誰(shuí)實(shí)施、根據(jù)何種程序以及如何進(jìn)行監(jiān)督保障等概況,指明約談實(shí)踐與規(guī)范層面存在一定的失衡亟需進(jìn)行規(guī)范化。為此,既關(guān)注政府與市場(chǎng)二者的關(guān)系,又結(jié)合現(xiàn)有行政法理論體系從逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變立法狀態(tài)、重視程序控制,完善監(jiān)督保障與救濟(jì)機(jī)制等方面對(duì)行政約談的提出合理化建議,以期提為行政約談的規(guī)范化進(jìn)程提供一個(gè)更為科學(xué)、合理的理論平臺(tái)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, administrative interview, a flexible administrative law enforcement method with Chinese characteristics, has achieved remarkable results in the practice of administrative law enforcement. This kind of reform of the administrative organs usually to the relative "face" cold and hard administrative law enforcement, sweep the path to take "smile face" to meet the interactive interview behavior, has become a characteristic way to build a service-oriented government in our country. As one of the means of administration, administrative interview has made great achievements in such administrative fields as tax collection, industrial and commercial administration, food safety, environmental protection and so on. However, since the definition and application of administrative interview itself is still in the state of "sub-health" of law, the lack of normative characterization of the legal attribute of the interview, and the fact that it is known for its flexibility, has led to the misplacement of the interview in the process of administrative law enforcement. The improper situation of interviewing offside occurs from time to time, forcing the standardization process of administrative interview, gradually showing when to start the administrative interview and the implementation of the administrative interview. How to remedy the improper infringement of the rights of the person interviewed by the administrative interview should be solved urgently. This paper intends to divide the phrase "standardization of administrative interview" into two parts: the theoretical discussion of "administrative interview" and the study of "standardization" through the two major directions of theoretical analysis and institutional analysis. At the level of academic analysis, starting with the source of administrative interview system, it analyzes the rise of administrative interview in the field of tax audit and the development of other fields, analyzes its inherent theoretical basis, and clarifies the qualitative issues of administrative interview. The concrete standard is provided for dealing with the concrete problems in the practice of interview, so as to avoid falling into the clich 茅 of legislative reform and to deal with the concrete problems in the practice of interview. In particular, the paper analyzes the disadvantages of the formal qualitative analysis method based on the theory of administrative behavior, and puts forward the beneficial exploration of the qualitative administrative interview with the theory of administrative process. It is defined as the stage of investigation before administrative acts, such as administrative facts that do not involve subsequent treatment, and may involve subsequent orders for correction, administrative penalties, administrative coercion, and so on, and the relationship between the government and the market is re-examined, and the relationship between the government and the market is re-examined. This paper puts forward that the nature of administrative interview should be understood from the point of view of "specific administrative objective", that is, administrative interview is essentially a positive means for the government to intervene in the execution of the interview when the market is out of order. On this basis, it is further optimized and regulated. At the level of standardized analysis, the author summarizes two kinds of cases of improper interview in practice, synthetically analyzes who formulates the existing normative text of administrative interview, what are the matters of interview, and who carries out the interview. According to the general situation of what procedure and how to carry out supervision and security, it is pointed out that there is a certain imbalance in interview practice and norm, which needs to be standardized. Therefore, this paper not only pays attention to the relationship between the government and the market, but also puts forward some reasonable suggestions on the administrative interview from the aspects of changing the legislative state gradually, attaching importance to the procedural control, perfecting the supervision, security and relief mechanism, combining with the existing administrative law theory system. In order to provide a more scientific and reasonable theoretical platform for the standardization process of administrative interviews.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.1

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