本文選題：自然災害 + 行政救助　； 參考：《福州大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：自然災害近些年來不斷威脅著我國災區(qū)人民的基本生存權,倘若掌握國家公共資源的政府不及時對其實施醫(yī)療、物質(zhì)救助等行政救助行為,這勢必會影響到受災區(qū)域的社會秩序和諧與穩(wěn)定。是故,完善我國自然災害行政救助制度對于保障災民的基本生存權意義重大,且是我國構建和諧社會的應有之義。顯然,完善我國自然災害行政救助制度應從完善其相關立法伊始。所幸,《自然災害救助條例》的出臺,從一定程度上宣布了我國已正式將自然災害行政救助納入法治化建設軌道。不過,從總體上來看,我國自然災害行政救助相關立法不完善,法治化的程度還比較低下。源此,本論文從分析我國當下自然災害行政救助立法現(xiàn)狀及其存在的問題著眼并采取了比較分析法嘗試與域外一些法治化程度較高的國家的自然災害行政救助法律現(xiàn)狀進行比較性探討,以期借鑒他們的某些成功經(jīng)驗。此外,由于我國自然災害行政救助相關立法性文件無論是名稱還是效力層次存在多樣性,并且內(nèi)容規(guī)定較多又過于分散,因此,本論文在對我國自然災害行政救助相關立法性內(nèi)容進行分析的時候,運用了表格的方式對相關立法內(nèi)容進行歸納分析,從而使得我國自然災害行政救助相關立法文件和內(nèi)容一目了然。此外,針對我國自然災害行政救助所存在的問題,筆者提出了若干完善建議。本論文主要分為四部分：第一部分：自然災害行政救助的概述。該部分主要闡述了自然災害行政救助的概念及其基本原則。比如,自然災害互助自救和行政救助相結合原則、短期救助原則等。第二部分：我國自然災害行政救助法律制度現(xiàn)狀及其存在的問題。該部分首先通過表格的形式簡單的梳理了我國當前自然災害行政救助的相關法律法規(guī),然后再歸納我國自然災害行政救助在立法、監(jiān)督以及權利救濟方面所存在的諸多問題,如：憲法依據(jù)不足,缺乏單行法律,原則性規(guī)定過多；監(jiān)督主體設置混亂,權限不清,外部監(jiān)督不足；權利救濟途徑法律依據(jù)不足,災民權利救濟行權受阻,法律維權意識淡薄。第三部分：美日澳等主要法治國家自然災害行政救助制度考察及其對我國之借鑒。該部分主要介紹了美國、日本、澳大利亞等國家的自然災害行政救助相關法律制度,并在此基礎上歸納其可借鑒之處。第四部分：完善我國自然災害行政救助法律制度若干建議。該部分主要針對我國自然災害行政救助法律制度所存在的問題,并結合我國具體國情,提出了若干完善建議。具體可包括：確立憲法依據(jù),制定單行法律,增強法律法規(guī)可操作性；完善健全內(nèi)部監(jiān)督主體,重視外部監(jiān)督力量,強化追責力度；完善行政復議制度、行政訴訟制度,增強災民法律維權意識。
[Abstract]:In recent years, natural disasters have threatened the basic living rights of the people in the disaster stricken areas of our country. If the government of the state public resources is not in time to apply medical treatment, material assistance and other administrative assistance, it will inevitably affect the social order, harmony and stability of the affected areas. Therefore, the system of administrative assistance for natural disasters in China will be improved. The basic right to survival of the disabled people is of great significance, and it is the proper meaning of building a harmonious society in our country. It is clear that the improvement of the administrative assistance system for natural disasters in China should be perfected from the beginning of its relevant legislation. Fortunately, the introduction of the regulations on natural disaster relief, to a certain extent, has announced that China has formally incorporated the administrative assistance of natural disasters into the rule of law. However, on the whole, the relevant legislation of natural disaster administrative assistance in China is not perfect and the degree of rule of law is still relatively low. From this point of view, this paper analyzes the current situation of the legislation of the administrative rescue of natural disasters and its existing problems in China, and has taken a comparative analysis method and some countries with a higher degree of rule of law. A comparative study of the legal status of the administrative rescue of natural disasters is carried out in order to learn from some of their successful experiences. In addition, due to the diversity of the relevant legislative documents of the administrative rescue of natural disasters in China, whether it is a variety of names or effectiveness levels, and the contents are more scattered, therefore, this paper is on the natural disasters in our country. When the relevant legislative content of administrative assistance is analyzed, the relevant legislative contents are summarized and analyzed by the form of form, which makes the relevant legislative documents and contents of the natural disaster administrative assistance in our country clear. In addition, the author puts forward some perfect suggestions in view of the problems existing in the administrative rescue of natural disasters in China. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part: an overview of the administrative rescue of natural disasters. This part mainly expounds the concept and basic principles of the administrative assistance of natural disasters, for example, the principle of the combination of natural disasters and administrative assistance, the principle of short-term relief, and so on. Second parts: the legal system of the administrative assistance for natural disasters in China. The present situation and its existing problems. This part first briefly combs the relevant laws and regulations of the current natural disaster administrative assistance in our country through the form of form, and then summarizes the problems in the legislation, supervision and right relief in China's natural disaster administrative assistance, such as the lack of the constitutional basis and the lack of single law. There are too many provisions; the supervision subject is confused, the authority is not clear, the external supervision is insufficient; the legal basis of the right relief way is insufficient, the rights of the victims are obstructed and the consciousness of the legal rights are weak. The third part is the investigation of the administrative relief system of natural disasters in the major rule of law countries, such as the United States, Japan and Australia and its reference to our country. This part mainly mediates The legal system related to the administrative assistance of natural disasters in the United States, Japan, Australia and other countries is introduced. On the basis of this, the fourth part: some suggestions on improving the legal system of natural disaster administrative assistance in China. This part mainly aims at the problems existing in the legal system of China's natural disaster administrative assistance. The specific national conditions of our country have put forward some perfect suggestions, which can include: establishing the basis of the constitution, making the law of the single line, strengthening the operability of the laws and regulations, perfecting and perfecting the internal supervision body, paying attention to the external supervision force, strengthening the power of pursuing the responsibility, perfecting the administrative reconsideration system, the administrative litigation system, and strengthening the consciousness of the legal rights protection of the victims of the disaster.

【學位授予單位】：福州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D922.182

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相關碩士學位論文 前5條

1 王桂蘭;澳大利亞自然災害管理和救助體系研究及啟示[D];暨南大學;2011年

2 孔凡立;行政主體防災減害義務的法律構建研究[D];華東師范大學;2009年

3 梁怡;行政給付救濟研究[D];西南政法大學;2008年

4 楊恩;災害防治法律制度研究[D];西南政法大學;2005年

5 溫澤彬;完善我國行政救助法律制度研究[D];西南政法大學;2004年

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本文編號：1855948