發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-26 23:41

  本文選題：旅檢執(zhí)法 + 自由裁量權(quán)��； 參考：《中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái)隨著國(guó)際形勢(shì)的變化和我國(guó)改革開(kāi)放進(jìn)程的不斷深化，海關(guān)執(zhí)法也面臨著許多新的問(wèn)題與挑戰(zhàn)。主要包括：傳統(tǒng)及非傳統(tǒng)挑戰(zhàn)與威脅不斷增多，無(wú)限增長(zhǎng)的進(jìn)出境業(yè)務(wù)給有限的監(jiān)管資源帶來(lái)巨大壓力，同時(shí)行政相對(duì)人維權(quán)意識(shí)不斷增強(qiáng)，司法和輿論監(jiān)督力度不斷加大。旅檢是海關(guān)依法履行監(jiān)管職能的一個(gè)重要模式和工作內(nèi)容。在海關(guān)系統(tǒng)中，旅檢部門(mén)屬于典型的“街頭官僚”群體，他們處于基層執(zhí)行者的位置，要直接接觸行政相對(duì)人，肩負(fù)落實(shí)國(guó)家意志和維護(hù)個(gè)人權(quán)益的雙重考驗(yàn)。他們的自由裁量權(quán)力很大，敏感度高，約束力小，因而存在很大的濫用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。濫用自由裁量權(quán)的危害不可小覷。旅檢自由裁量權(quán)的合理控制無(wú)疑是旅檢執(zhí)法改革的重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)。本文的目的是通過(guò)對(duì)旅檢自由裁量權(quán)問(wèn)題的研究，破解主要矛盾，從而提出深化旅檢執(zhí)法改革，推進(jìn)海關(guān)現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程的建議措施。 本文采取規(guī)范研究、實(shí)證研究和文獻(xiàn)研究相結(jié)合的方法。首先，從國(guó)內(nèi)外理論界和實(shí)務(wù)界對(duì)行政自由裁量權(quán)和海關(guān)執(zhí)法管理的研究進(jìn)行了歸納分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)上述研究從宏觀層面、法律制度規(guī)范建構(gòu)方面的研究較多，而從微觀層面，特別是結(jié)合旅檢現(xiàn)場(chǎng)具體情況的研究很少；在控制自由裁量權(quán)的舉措上，，也缺乏結(jié)合形勢(shì)發(fā)展的需要而制定的有針對(duì)性和操作價(jià)值的具體措施�；诖�，結(jié)合相關(guān)專家學(xué)者們對(duì)行政自由裁量權(quán)研究的成果，對(duì)海關(guān)旅檢執(zhí)法、旅檢自由裁量權(quán)以及其重點(diǎn)問(wèn)題——“自用、合理數(shù)量”原則的概念內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行了界定，并且從法律角度和現(xiàn)實(shí)角度對(duì)旅檢自由裁量權(quán)的存在基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行了論證。接下來(lái)全面闡述了濫用自由裁量權(quán)問(wèn)題的表現(xiàn)和危害。在理論分析部分，本文重點(diǎn)運(yùn)用“街頭官僚理論”對(duì)旅檢自由裁量權(quán)進(jìn)行分析，深入剖析了旅檢關(guān)員的街頭官僚本質(zhì)，并從街頭官僚角度闡釋了旅檢自由裁量權(quán)濫用問(wèn)題的根源所在。同時(shí)具體行為方面，分析了濫用旅檢自由裁量權(quán)的原因，并且以流亭機(jī)場(chǎng)海關(guān)為實(shí)例分析樣本，介紹了其控制自由裁量權(quán)方面的情況，并進(jìn)行了總結(jié)和評(píng)述。最后，結(jié)合前幾部分的分析成果，對(duì)旅檢自由裁量權(quán)問(wèn)題提出自己的改進(jìn)思路，即從海關(guān)全局著手，總結(jié)一般規(guī)律，加強(qiáng)頂層設(shè)計(jì)，利用科技力量，合理的有效的分解自由裁量權(quán)。具體舉措上，從強(qiáng)化法規(guī)體系建設(shè)、構(gòu)建旅檢執(zhí)法信息化平臺(tái)、優(yōu)化旅檢現(xiàn)場(chǎng)通道布局和打造“人格化”一線執(zhí)法隊(duì)伍四個(gè)方面著手，提出了自己的看法，以期為旅檢自由裁量權(quán)問(wèn)題的實(shí)踐探索，提供參考和借鑒。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the change of international situation and the deepening of China's reform and opening up process, customs enforcement is faced with many new problems and challenges. Mainly include: traditional and non-traditional challenges and threats continue to increase, unlimited growth in and out of the business to bring great pressure on the limited regulatory resources, at the same time, the administrative counterpart rights awareness continues to strengthen, judicial and public opinion supervision constantly increased. Travel inspection is an important mode and work content for customs to perform supervisory function according to law. In the customs system, the brigade and inspection departments belong to a typical "street bureaucrat" group, they are in the position of the grassroots executors, they should directly contact the administrative counterpart, shoulder the double test of carrying out the national will and safeguarding the personal rights and interests. Their discretion is high, sensitive and binding, so there is a great risk of abuse. The harm of abusing discretion cannot be underestimated. The reasonable control of travel inspection discretion is undoubtedly the key and difficult point in the reform of travel inspection law enforcement. The purpose of this paper is to solve the main contradiction through the study of the discretion of brigade inspection, and then put forward some suggestions for deepening the reform of brigade inspection law enforcement and promoting the modernization of customs. This paper adopts the method of combining normative research, empirical research and literature study. First of all, from the domestic and foreign theoretical and practical circles of administrative discretion and customs law enforcement and management of the research summarized and analyzed, found that the above research from the macro level, legal system norms of the construction of more research, but from the micro level, Especially, there is little research on the specific situation of travel inspection site, and on the measure of controlling discretion, there is also a lack of specific measures of pertinence and operational value formulated in the light of the needs of the development of the situation. Based on this, combined with the research results of administrative discretion of relevant experts and scholars, this paper defines the concept and connotation of customs brigade inspection law enforcement, travel inspection discretion and its key problem, the principle of "self-use, reasonable quantity". And from the point of view of law and reality, the existence basis of the discretion of travel inspection is demonstrated. Then, the paper comprehensively expounds the performance and harm of the abuse of discretion. In the part of theoretical analysis, this paper focuses on the use of "street bureaucracy theory" to analyze the discretion of travel inspection, in-depth analysis of the nature of the street bureaucracy, From the perspective of street bureaucrats, this paper explains the root of the problem of discretionary power abuse. At the same time, the author analyzes the reasons of abusing the discretion of brigade inspection, and takes the customs of Liuting Airport as an example to analyze the sample, introduces the situation of its control discretion, and makes a summary and comment. Finally, based on the analysis results of the previous parts, the author puts forward his own improvement ideas on the discretionary power of travel inspection, that is, starting from the overall situation of customs, summing up the general law, strengthening the top-level design, and utilizing scientific and technological strength. Reasonable and effective decomposition discretion. In specific measures, the author puts forward his own views from the following aspects: strengthening the construction of laws and regulations system, constructing the information platform for brigade inspection law enforcement, optimizing the layout of tourist inspection scene channels and creating a "personified" front-line law enforcement team. In order to provide a reference and reference for the travel inspection discretion issue of practical exploration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D922.295;D922.1

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