本文選題：生命權(quán) + 判明��； 參考：《遼寧大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)正處于社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期,社會(huì)治安形勢(shì)復(fù)雜嚴(yán)峻,恐怖主義也在不斷向我國(guó)境內(nèi)滲透,這使得警察的權(quán)力在不斷擴(kuò)大,警察對(duì)槍支的使用日益增多,公安民警肩負(fù)著更多的使命和責(zé)任。槍支作為警察維護(hù)社會(huì)治安和打擊犯罪的重要武器,既關(guān)系著社會(huì)穩(wěn)定也關(guān)系著公民和警察自身的安全。云南3 ·14暴力恐怖襲擊事件的發(fā)生使我國(guó)政府認(rèn)識(shí)到警察佩戴槍支的重要性,開(kāi)始準(zhǔn)許一線警察配槍,而隨著槍支佩戴使用的愈加頻繁,警察槍支使用相關(guān)法律制度的不健全逐漸暴露出來(lái)。由于法律對(duì)開(kāi)槍條件規(guī)定的不完善,使得警察濫用槍支事件時(shí)有發(fā)生,威脅著公民的基本權(quán)利。因?yàn)榉蓪?duì)警察權(quán)保障的缺失,也使得許多警察不愿帶槍、不敢開(kāi)槍、不會(huì)開(kāi)槍,這不利于有效制止犯罪,不利于警察職責(zé)的履行。政府的行政權(quán)是由人民所賦予的,其必須要用來(lái)維護(hù)公共利益,不能成為個(gè)別人謀取私利的工具,因此,我們需要用完善的法律制度來(lái)規(guī)制行政權(quán)的行使,限制行政機(jī)關(guān)的自由裁量權(quán),保障公民的基本權(quán)益。黨的十八屆四中全會(huì)提出要全面推進(jìn)依法治國(guó),建設(shè)社會(huì)主義法治國(guó)家,而建設(shè)中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義法律體系是推進(jìn)依法治國(guó)的主要目標(biāo),形成完備的法律體系是建設(shè)特色社會(huì)主義法律體系的必要條件,因此,我國(guó)應(yīng)當(dāng)健全警察用槍相關(guān)法律體系,進(jìn)一步規(guī)制警察對(duì)槍支的使用,我們要從以下幾方面著手。第一,健全相關(guān)法律法規(guī),借鑒西方國(guó)家的槍支使用制度,完善警察開(kāi)槍條件和程序,增加開(kāi)槍的原則性規(guī)定,明確相關(guān)法律概念,完善對(duì)相關(guān)法律的解釋。第二,強(qiáng)化警察槍支訓(xùn)練,完善槍支訓(xùn)練內(nèi)容,增加實(shí)彈射擊次數(shù),提升警察的文化素養(yǎng)和法律意識(shí)。第三,優(yōu)化槍支管理制度,建立嚴(yán)格的配槍制度,落實(shí)日常管理制度,減少不必要的程序。第四,完善事后調(diào)查與權(quán)利保障制度,設(shè)立獨(dú)立的第三方調(diào)查機(jī)構(gòu),構(gòu)建違法用槍投訴機(jī)制,為使用槍支的警察提供職業(yè)保障。我們既要限制警察槍支使用權(quán)又要保障警察開(kāi)槍權(quán)的行使,使我國(guó)警察槍支使用制度更全面更具操作性,這既有利于對(duì)社會(huì)治安的維護(hù)也有利于保障公民和民警自身權(quán)益。警察槍支使用權(quán)是強(qiáng)制性的行政權(quán),規(guī)制警察用槍也會(huì)減少濫用行政權(quán)對(duì)公民權(quán)危害,有利于維護(hù)政府的正面形象,提升政府的公信力。
[Abstract]:Our country is in a period of social transition, the social security situation is complex and severe, and terrorism is constantly infiltrating into the territory of our country, which makes the power of the police constantly expand and the use of guns by the police increases day by day. Police are shouldering more missions and responsibilities. As an important weapon for police to maintain public order and combat crime, guns are not only related to social stability, but also to the security of citizens and police themselves. The violent terrorist attacks in Yunnan made our government realize the importance of guns to the police, and began to allow first-line police to carry guns, and as the use of firearms became more and more frequent, The police gun use related legal system is not perfect gradually exposed. Because of the imperfection of the law on the condition of shooting, the abuse of guns by the police occurs from time to time, threatening the basic rights of citizens. Because of the lack of legal guarantee of police power, many policemen are unwilling to carry guns, dare not to shoot, will not shoot, which is not conducive to the effective suppression of crime, is not conducive to the performance of police duties. The executive power of the government is endowed by the people. It must be used to safeguard the public interest and not be used as a tool for individuals to pursue their own interests. Therefore, we need to use a sound legal system to regulate the exercise of administrative power. Limit the discretion of administrative organs and protect the basic rights and interests of citizens. The fourth Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee put forward the need to comprehensively promote the rule of law and build a socialist country ruled by law, and building a socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics is the main goal of promoting the rule of law. The formation of a complete legal system is a necessary condition for building a socialist legal system with characteristics. Therefore, our country should perfect the relevant legal system of police guns and further regulate the use of guns by the police, we should proceed from the following aspects. First, improve the relevant laws and regulations, learn from the gun use system in western countries, improve the conditions and procedures of police shooting, increase the shooting principle provisions, clarify the relevant legal concepts, improve the interpretation of the relevant laws. Second, strengthen the police gun training, improve the content of gun training, increase the number of live ammunition shooting, improve the police cultural literacy and legal awareness. Third, optimize gun management system, establish strict gun distribution system, implement daily management system and reduce unnecessary procedures. Fourth, perfect the system of ex post investigation and protection of rights, set up independent third party investigation organization, construct the complaint mechanism of illegal gun, and provide professional security for the police who use guns. We should not only restrict the right to use the police guns, but also guarantee the exercise of the police's right to shoot, so as to make the police gun use system more comprehensive and more operable, which is not only conducive to the maintenance of public order but also to the protection of citizens' and police's own rights and interests. The police gun use right is a compulsory administrative power. The regulation of police gun use will also reduce the harm of the abuse of administrative power to civil rights, help to maintain the positive image of the government, and enhance the credibility of the government.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.14

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