本文選題：土地承包經營權 + 土地制度　； 參考：《西南政法大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：土地是人類賴以生存和發(fā)展的重要自然資源,又是重要的不動產。建立合理的農村土地承包經營權流轉制度,實現(xiàn)土地資源的優(yōu)化配置,提高農業(yè)生產效率是我國經濟發(fā)展的必然趨勢。但是多年來由于受到我國農地效益低下、土地流轉價值過低、信息不流暢、農民缺乏完善的社會保障、法律制度不健全等因素的影響,農村土地承包經營權流轉并沒有得到順利的發(fā)展。這種狀況嚴重制約了農業(yè)生產規(guī)模化的發(fā)展,影響了城市化的進程。 本文除引言和結語外,共分為六個部分： 第一部主要是農村土地承包經營權的概述。在此部分,首先介紹的是我國農地的集體所有的概念,同時分析了集體所有存在的問題。接著介紹了農村土地流轉中最為重要的承包經營權的流轉及其流轉的具體方式,主要包括：轉包、轉讓、出租、入股等。 第二部分是農村土地承包經營權這一論題的引出。介紹了農村土地承包經營權流轉問題的研究背景和現(xiàn)狀。首先通過對我國土地制度改革歷程的介紹,明晰農村土地承包經營權的發(fā)展歷程,接著介紹國內外關于土地流轉制度的研究,尋找合理有效的農村土地流轉制度發(fā)展的經驗。 第三部分是農村土地承包經營權流轉法律調整的價值取向。首先是效率價值取向,效率價值取向是農村土地立法的基本價值。確立效率價值取向,實現(xiàn)土地承包經營權的自由流轉,有助于調動農村土地占有者的生產積極性,提高農業(yè)生產率,促進生產力的發(fā)展。其次是確立公平價值取向,在實現(xiàn)農村土地承包經營權流轉的同時,必須注重流轉土地原承包人的利益保障,這樣一方面能夠維護社會的穩(wěn)定,另一方面亦能夠促進土地承包經營權流轉范圍的擴大。 第四部分介紹的是制約流轉的原因分析。首先是我國嚴格的戶籍制度形成了城鄉(xiāng)二元結構,導致土地所有權主體模糊,制約了土地的流轉。其次是我國的土地流轉市場未完善,導致土地流轉信息不流暢。最后是我國土地管理職能不明確,雙層管理體制導致了地方保護主義的產生,地方政府肆意侵犯農民的權益,導致土地流轉無序。 第五部分是對影響土地承包經營權流轉的因素分析,其中包括經濟因素、政策法律因素以及社會因素。經濟因素指的是農村土地承包經營權流轉價值低,農民缺少流轉的動力,以及土地資源的分布不均衡,貧瘠的土地難以實現(xiàn)流轉。政策法律因素影響指的是我國的政策法律對于農村土地承包經營權流轉具有諸多限制,如所有權制度以及流轉期限限制等。社會因素影響主要指的是在土地流轉過程中,農民權益保障依然不夠,主導土地流轉的中介制度尚未完善,農民難以獲得準確而充分的流轉信息。 第六部分闡述農村土地承包經營權流轉體系的完善,首先是完善立法,建立穩(wěn)定的土地承包關系。其次,建立農村土地流轉補貼制度,保障農民的權益。再次是建立農村土地流轉市場價格評估體系,使得農村土地承包經營權的流轉符合等價交易的原則,實現(xiàn)原承包土地農民的最大利益。
[Abstract]:Land is an important natural resource for the survival and development of human beings. It is also an important real estate. It is an inevitable trend for China to establish a reasonable transfer system of the right to contracted management of rural land, realize the optimal allocation of land resources and improve the efficiency of agricultural production. The circulation of rural land contract management right has not been developed smoothly. This situation seriously restricts the development of the scale of agricultural production and affects the process of urbanization.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article is divided into six parts.
The first part is mainly an overview of the rural land contract management right. In this part, the first introduction is the concept of collective ownership of rural land in China, at the same time, it analyzes the problems existing in the collective, and then introduces the most important transfer of the contractual management right in the rural land circulation and the concrete way of the transfer, mainly including subcontracting and transfer. Rent, stock, etc
The second part is the introduction of the topic of rural land contract management right. It introduces the research background and present situation of the transfer of rural land contract management right. First, it introduces the course of the reform of the land system in our country, clarifying the development course of the rural land contract management right, and then introducing the research of the land transfer system at home and abroad, and the research of the land transfer system at home and abroad. Looking for a reasonable and effective experience in the development of rural land transfer system.
The third part is the value orientation of the legal adjustment of the transfer of rural land contract management right. The first is the orientation of efficiency value, and the orientation of efficiency value is the basic value of rural land legislation. It is helpful to mobilize the enthusiasm of the rural land occupants and improve the agricultural students. The yield will promote the development of the productive forces. Secondly, to establish a fair value orientation, while realizing the circulation of the rural land contract management right, we must pay attention to the protection of the interests of the land contractor, which can maintain the stability of the society on the one hand, and on the other hand, it can also promote the expansion of the transfer scope of the land contract management right.
The fourth part introduces the reasons for restricting the circulation. First, China's strict household registration system has formed a two yuan structure in urban and rural areas, which leads to the fuzzy land ownership subject, which restricts the land circulation. Secondly, the land circulation market in China is not perfect and the land circulation information is not fluent. Finally, the land management function of our country is not clear, The double-layer management system led to the emergence of local protectionism. Local governments wantonly violated the rights and interests of farmers, resulting in the disorder of land circulation.
The fifth part is the analysis of factors affecting the transfer of land contract management rights, including economic factors, policy and legal factors and social factors. Economic factors are the low value of the transfer of rural land contract management rights, the lack of motivation for the transfer of farmers, and the uneven distribution of land resources, and the poor land is difficult to achieve the circulation. The influence of legal factors is that there are many restrictions on the circulation of rural land contract management right in China, such as the ownership system and the limit of the period of circulation. The influence of social factors mainly refers to the lack of protection of farmers' rights and interests in the process of land circulation, the intermediary system of the land transfer is not perfect, and the peasants are difficult to do so. Get accurate and full flow of information.
The sixth part expounds the improvement of the transfer system of rural land contract management right, first of all, to improve the legislation and to establish a stable land contract relationship. Secondly, the system of rural land transfer subsidy is established to guarantee the rights and interests of farmers. Again, the market price evaluation system of rural land circulation is established, which makes the transfer of the rural land contract management right accord with the same time. The principle of price trading can achieve the best interests of farmers in the original contract land.

【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D922.32;D923.2;D921

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