本文選題：農(nóng)村水環(huán)境 + 水污染防治��； 參考：《河南大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)村水污染可能產(chǎn)生的影響是多方面的,不僅會(huì)造成對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的基礎(chǔ)條件如土壤等的破壞,還會(huì)影響農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的安全,甚至?xí)䥽?yán)重威脅公民的身體健康和生命安全,還會(huì)影響新型城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)的進(jìn)程。近年來(lái),我國(guó)的農(nóng)村水污染防治工作受到來(lái)越來(lái)越多的關(guān)注,但就目前之研究現(xiàn)狀來(lái)看,我國(guó)農(nóng)村水污染防治法律工作仍然存在一定的問(wèn)題,需要進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研究來(lái)不斷完善我國(guó)的農(nóng)村水污染防治法律制度。因此對(duì)我國(guó)農(nóng)村水污染防治法律問(wèn)題的研究就顯得十分的必要和迫切。本文首先運(yùn)用了文獻(xiàn)綜述的研究方法,大致地介紹了目前我國(guó)農(nóng)村地區(qū)水污染防治工作的現(xiàn)狀及面臨的難題,對(duì)造成農(nóng)村水污染的幾個(gè)原因進(jìn)行比較細(xì)致的分類,并且對(duì)農(nóng)村水污染治理必要性進(jìn)行了分析,如對(duì)社會(huì)、工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和人體健康造成的危害。其次,簡(jiǎn)單的最現(xiàn)階段我國(guó)關(guān)于農(nóng)村水污染防治的立法現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析,主要指出了現(xiàn)有的農(nóng)村水污染防治中存在的若干具體法律問(wèn)題:首先,現(xiàn)有的《水污染防治法》的立法理念不太符合農(nóng)村環(huán)保工作的現(xiàn)實(shí)狀況,“城市立法”、“工業(yè)立法”的思想濃厚,對(duì)農(nóng)村水污染的防治缺少可操作性的規(guī)定,大多數(shù)是概括性的規(guī)定,致使執(zhí)法過(guò)程往往是無(wú)章可循。其次,農(nóng)村的水環(huán)境監(jiān)督管理機(jī)制也存在諸多的問(wèn)題,水環(huán)境管理部門職能不清,出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)互相推諉的現(xiàn)象。再次,現(xiàn)有的“重末端治理,輕源頭控制”的傳統(tǒng)的污染控制模式不適應(yīng)現(xiàn)階段我國(guó)面源污染的治理。最后,分析了現(xiàn)階段我國(guó)公眾參與原則中存在的問(wèn)題,主要表現(xiàn)在公眾環(huán)保意識(shí)比較薄弱和環(huán)境信息公開制度的不健全。再次,本文還采用了比較分析的研究方法,介紹了美國(guó)、歐盟等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家在治理農(nóng)村水污染方面的立法實(shí)踐以及對(duì)我國(guó)農(nóng)村水污染治理的啟示,主要包括建立完備的法律法規(guī)體系,進(jìn)一步完善農(nóng)村的環(huán)境監(jiān)督管理體系,環(huán)保部門的分工合作、提高工作的效率以及不斷完善公眾參與制度。通過(guò)對(duì)比分析,指出發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)我國(guó)農(nóng)村水污染防治法律制度有參考價(jià)值的完善建議。最后,本部分首先提出了完善農(nóng)村水污染防治立法體系的建議,包括立法指導(dǎo)思想的轉(zhuǎn)變和法制體系的完善兩方面的內(nèi)容。又針對(duì)第二部分提出的我國(guó)農(nóng)村水污染防治法律制度中發(fā)現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題,逐一地總結(jié)出完善的建議:一是逐步建立完善的農(nóng)村水環(huán)境的監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)和管理機(jī)構(gòu),逐步加強(qiáng)縣級(jí)和縣級(jí)以下基層水環(huán)境管理機(jī)構(gòu)建設(shè),能夠最大限度的發(fā)揮各職能部門的職責(zé),使各職能部門都能分工明確、相互配合。二是提出應(yīng)該從源頭控制農(nóng)村地區(qū)的面源污染。三是指出從提高公眾環(huán)保意識(shí)和完善環(huán)境信息公開制度兩方面豐富我國(guó)公眾參與制度,從而有效地彌補(bǔ)該制度的不足。四是注重鼓勵(lì)性和資源性環(huán)保政策的運(yùn)用。
[Abstract]:The possible impacts of water pollution in rural areas are manifold, not only causing damage to the basic conditions of agricultural production, such as soil, but also affecting the safety of agricultural products, and even seriously threatening the health and life safety of citizens.It will also affect the process of new urbanization construction.In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the prevention and control of rural water pollution in our country. However, according to the current research situation, there are still some problems in the legal work of rural water pollution control in China.Further research is needed to improve the legal system of rural water pollution prevention and control in China.Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to study the legal problems of water pollution prevention in rural areas.This paper firstly introduces the current situation and problems of water pollution prevention and control in rural areas of China by using the research method of literature review, and classifies several causes of water pollution in rural areas in detail.The necessity of water pollution control in rural areas is analyzed, such as the harm to society, industry and agriculture and human health.Secondly, this paper analyzes the current situation of legislation on rural water pollution prevention and control in our country, and mainly points out some specific legal problems existing in rural water pollution prevention and control: first of all,The existing legislation idea of "Water pollution Prevention and Control Law" does not accord with the reality of the rural environmental protection work. The idea of "urban legislation" and "industrial legislation" is strong, and the prevention and control of water pollution in rural areas is lack of operational provisions.Most are general provisions, resulting in enforcement processes often without rules to follow.Secondly, there are many problems in the supervision and management mechanism of water environment in rural areas. The functions of water environment management departments are not clear, and the problems often appear the phenomenon of prevarication.Thirdly, the traditional pollution control mode of "heavy end control, light source control" does not adapt to the current treatment of non-point source pollution in China.Finally, the paper analyzes the problems existing in the principle of public participation in our country at present, which are mainly manifested in the weakness of public awareness of environmental protection and the unsound system of environmental information disclosure.Thirdly, this paper also introduces the legislative practice of the United States, the European Union and other developed countries in the treatment of rural water pollution, as well as the enlightenment to the rural water pollution control of our country.It mainly includes the establishment of a complete system of laws and regulations, the further improvement of the rural environmental supervision and management system, the division of work and cooperation between the environmental protection departments, the improvement of the efficiency of work and the continuous improvement of the system of public participation.Through comparison and analysis, it is pointed out that the successful experiences of developed countries have reference value to the legal system of rural water pollution prevention and control in China.Finally, this part first puts forward the suggestions to perfect the rural water pollution prevention and control legislative system, including the change of the legislative guiding ideology and the perfection of the legal system.In view of the problems found in the legal system of rural water pollution prevention and control in the second part, the author sums up the following suggestions one by one: one is to gradually establish the perfect supervision and management institutions of the rural water environment,Gradually strengthen the construction of water environmental management institutions at the county level and below the county level, can maximize the role of the various functional departments, so that each functional department can be clearly divided and cooperate with each other.Second, we should control the non-point source pollution in rural areas from the source.Thirdly, it is pointed out that the system of public participation is enriched from two aspects: raising public awareness of environmental protection and perfecting the system of environmental information disclosure, so as to effectively make up for the deficiencies of the system.Fourth, pay attention to the use of encouraging and resource environmental protection policies.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D922.68

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