發(fā)布時間：2018-04-02 15:12

  本文選題：失地農(nóng)民社會保障權(quán)　切入點：基本權(quán)利　出處：《東南大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：城鎮(zhèn)化的進程難以避免肇致失地農(nóng)民的出現(xiàn),失地農(nóng)民社會保障權(quán)受到良好的保護既是人性尊嚴(yán)的價值需要,也是憲法宗旨的要求,更是現(xiàn)實的訴求。從憲法“公民權(quán)利——國家義務(wù)”的結(jié)構(gòu)模式看,失地農(nóng)民社會保障權(quán)最為重要的保護是國家義務(wù)的有效履行。就失地農(nóng)民社會保障權(quán)國家義務(wù)的體系而言,其內(nèi)容涵攝具有層進關(guān)系的國家尊重義務(wù)、國家保護義務(wù)和國家給付義務(wù)三個重要組成部分。失地農(nóng)民社會保障權(quán)正是以國家尊重義務(wù)為首要保護、以保護義務(wù)為基本保護、以國家給付義務(wù)為核心保護的一種社會權(quán)。國家尊重義務(wù)不僅在自由法治國下處于首要地位,而且在社會法治國下依然處于首要地位,失地農(nóng)民社會保障權(quán)的國家尊重義務(wù)秉持以生存為基礎(chǔ)、以尊嚴(yán)為宗旨為原則,在項目與對象方面由特殊到普遍,內(nèi)容上注重形式平等兼顧公平。失地農(nóng)民社會保障權(quán)基本義務(wù)的國家保護義務(wù),遵循“過度禁止”與“不足禁止”的原則,以立法、行政、司法三種方式付諸于預(yù)防、排除與救濟三個層次的保護義務(wù)：在具體實踐時,還要受到倫理、國家能力、公民權(quán)利與法律邊界基本規(guī)定的約束與限制。失地農(nóng)民社會保障權(quán)的國家給付義務(wù)是核心義務(wù),內(nèi)在方面是社會面向的社會法治國與個體面向的基本生存與人性尊嚴(yán)的需求,外在方面起到保持社會穩(wěn)定、消除貧困、維持公平正義的作用。國家給付義務(wù)的履行并不是不受限制,它既要受到給付對象與給付范圍的約束,又要受到國家能力與失地農(nóng)民基本生存需求的限制,更要區(qū)分即刻實現(xiàn)的國家根本性、基礎(chǔ)性的給付以及逐步實現(xiàn)給付的差別。失地農(nóng)民社會保障權(quán)的國家尊重、保護、給付義務(wù)都需要立法、行政、司法的綜合作用才能實現(xiàn),通常任何形式的作用都履行不僅一類的國家義務(wù),故任何形式作用的缺失都會造成國家義務(wù)履行的缺陷。針對立法方面的法律缺失、滯后、模糊,我們推動了《社會保險法》、《社會救助法》、《城鄉(xiāng)居民最低生活保障條例》、《失地農(nóng)民社會保險條例》等的完善與建構(gòu)；針對行政上管理機構(gòu)不完善、監(jiān)督不力、程序規(guī)范缺失、行政復(fù)議虛置的弊端,我們強化體制優(yōu)化、規(guī)范運行、程序正當(dāng)、行政復(fù)議的完善；司法方面針對失地農(nóng)民社會保障權(quán)的不法侵害,我們轉(zhuǎn)變司法救濟理念、推動憲法訴訟、建構(gòu)社會權(quán)法庭等措施來保護失地農(nóng)民社會保障的權(quán)益。
[Abstract]:The process of urbanization is difficult to avoid the emergence of land-lost farmers. The social security rights of landless farmers are not only the value of human dignity, but also the requirements of the constitutional purpose, but also the demand of reality.The most important protection of the social security rights of landless peasants is the effective implementation of national obligations.As far as the system of the social security rights of landless peasants is concerned, its contents include three important parts: the obligation to respect the state, the obligation to protect and the obligation to pay.The right to social security of landless peasants is just a kind of social right which takes the duty of state respect as the primary protection, the duty of protection as the basic protection, and the obligation of the state as the core protection.The obligation of state respect is not only in the first place under the free law, but also in the social law. The duty of state respect of the peasants' right to social security is based on the principle of survival and dignity.In the project and the object aspect from special to universal, the content pays attention to the form equal consideration fair.The state duty of protection of the basic obligation of the peasants' right to social security of lost land follows the principle of "excessive prohibition" and "insufficient prohibition", and is put into practice in three ways: legislation, administration and judicature.There are three levels of obligation of protection to exclude and remedy: in practice, it is also restricted by the basic provisions of ethics, national capacity, civil rights and legal boundary.The obligation to pay the social security right of the landless peasants is the core obligation, the internal aspect is the social law governing the country facing the society and the basic survival and the human dignity demand of the individual, and the external aspect plays the role of maintaining the social stability and eliminating poverty.The role of fairness and justice.The performance of national obligation to pay is not unlimited. It is not only restricted by the object and scope of payment, but also restricted by the national capacity and the basic subsistence needs of landless farmers, and it is even more necessary to distinguish between the immediate realization of the state and the fundamental nature of the country.Basic payment and gradual realization of the difference in payment.The duty of the state to respect, protect and pay for the social security rights of landless peasants requires the comprehensive role of legislation, administration and justice. Usually, any form of action fulfils more than one kind of national obligation.Therefore, the absence of any form of function will lead to defects in the performance of state obligations.In view of the lack, lag and vagueness of legislation, we have promoted the perfection and construction of the Social Insurance Law, the Social Assistance Law, the minimum living Security regulations of Urban and Rural residents, and the Social Insurance regulations of landless Farmers.In view of the defects of imperfect administrative organization, weak supervision, lack of procedural norms and virtual administrative reconsideration, we should strengthen the optimization of the system, standardize the operation, the proper procedure and the perfection of the administrative reconsideration;In view of the illegal infringement of the peasants' right to social security, we change the concept of judicial relief, promote the constitutional litigation, and construct a court of social rights to protect the rights and interests of the landless peasants' social security.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D922.182.3
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本文編號：1700944