本文選題：器官移植　切入點(diǎn)：立法　出處：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：器官移植技術(shù)引進(jìn)我國(guó)短短幾十年間,發(fā)展突飛猛進(jìn)。目前我國(guó)的器官移植技術(shù)已經(jīng)達(dá)較高水準(zhǔn),臨床手術(shù)開(kāi)展的數(shù)量也屬世界第二,僅次美國(guó)。與高速發(fā)展的技術(shù)形成強(qiáng)烈對(duì)比的是長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)國(guó)內(nèi)器官移植的法律建設(shè)嚴(yán)重滯后。本文主要分為四章。第一章簡(jiǎn)要概括了器官移植的概念,回顧我國(guó)器官移植的發(fā)展過(guò)程,指出港澳臺(tái)的立法早于大陸地區(qū),且各具特色;大陸地區(qū)立法時(shí)間雖然晚,但人體器官移植條例對(duì)人體器官移植工作中各機(jī)構(gòu)的職責(zé)規(guī)定清楚,對(duì)器官捐獻(xiàn)、器官分配、器官摘取等各個(gè)階段的立法進(jìn)行了合法性分析。第二章主要提出我國(guó)器官移植中存在的問(wèn)題。立法方面存在的問(wèn)題,即立法層次低缺乏專門法律、“器官”法律界定過(guò)于狹隘、“腦死亡”判定缺乏法律依據(jù);制度上,人體器官捐獻(xiàn)缺乏激勵(lì)機(jī)制,權(quán)利保障制度存在不合理以及醫(yī)療制度中存在的不合理;執(zhí)法上對(duì)器官分配存在不合理、醫(yī)療執(zhí)法監(jiān)督不到位以及醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)缺乏有效管理。第三章各國(guó)經(jīng)過(guò)多年的沉淀以及修改均形成具有各國(guó)特色的器官移植法律體系,本文主要分別對(duì)美國(guó)、西班牙、日本的法律考察,對(duì)比分析我國(guó)法律的異同�？偨Y(jié)出美國(guó)移植器官分配的立法經(jīng)驗(yàn)、西班牙先進(jìn)捐獻(xiàn)模式的立法經(jīng)驗(yàn)和日本“腦死亡”立法經(jīng)驗(yàn),為本文第四章完善我國(guó)器官移植法律制度的構(gòu)想提供對(duì)策以及建議。第四章基于對(duì)境外立法的了解,結(jié)合我國(guó)器官移植中存在的問(wèn)題,提出完善我國(guó)器官移植法律制度的構(gòu)想。即構(gòu)建科學(xué)、合理的人體器官移植法律體系和制約行政主管部門的職權(quán),以期解決現(xiàn)階段我國(guó)器官移植中所涉的法律問(wèn)題。
[Abstract]:Organ transplantation technology has been introduced into China for a short period of several decades, and it has developed by leaps and bounds. At present, the technology of organ transplantation in China has reached a relatively high standard, and the number of clinical operations carried out is also the second largest in the world. This article is mainly divided into four chapters. The first chapter briefly summarizes the concept of organ transplantation. Reviewing the development process of organ transplantation in China, it is pointed out that the legislation of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan is earlier than that of the mainland and has its own characteristics. Although the legislation in the mainland is late, the regulations on human organ transplantation clearly stipulate the responsibilities of various organs in the work of human organ transplantation. This paper analyzes the legality of the legislation of organ donation, organ allocation, organ removal and so on. The second chapter mainly points out the problems existing in organ transplantation in China. That is, there is a lack of special laws at a low level of legislation, too narrow a legal definition of "organs", and a lack of legal basis for the determination of "brain death". The rights protection system is unreasonable and the medical system is unreasonable, and the distribution of organs in law enforcement is unreasonable. Medical enforcement supervision is not in place and medical institutions lack effective management. Chapter three: after many years of precipitation and modification, various countries have formed a legal system of organ transplantation with national characteristics. This article mainly focuses on the United States, Spain, Japan's legal investigation, comparative analysis of the similarities and differences of Chinese law, summing up the American legislative experience of organ allotment, the legislative experience of Spain's advanced donation model and Japan's "brain death" legislative experience. Chapter 4th is based on the understanding of foreign legislation, combined with the existing problems in organ transplantation in China. This paper puts forward the idea of perfecting the legal system of organ transplantation in our country, that is, to construct a scientific and reasonable legal system of human organ transplantation and to restrict the powers and powers of the administrative department in order to solve the legal problems involved in organ transplantation in our country at the present stage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.16

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