本文關(guān)鍵詞： 政府信息公開(kāi) 訴權(quán)濫用 權(quán)利救濟(jì) 責(zé)任制度　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：政府信息公開(kāi)制度是現(xiàn)代行政法發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物,因其在保障公民知情權(quán)和創(chuàng)建新型政府治理制度中發(fā)揮著重要的作用,曾一度成為國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者研究的重點(diǎn)對(duì)象。然而,在統(tǒng)計(jì)分析我國(guó)當(dāng)下行政訴訟案件的基礎(chǔ)上,可以看出政府信息公開(kāi)案件在整個(gè)訴訟體系中占據(jù)了較大比重的同時(shí),還產(chǎn)生了一些公民濫用訴權(quán)以致?lián)p害公共利益的現(xiàn)象。我國(guó)現(xiàn)行的法律法規(guī)中并沒(méi)有明確規(guī)定訴權(quán)濫用的具體構(gòu)成要件。因此,筆者將在訴權(quán)權(quán)利性質(zhì)認(rèn)定的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合域外法治成熟國(guó)家的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和當(dāng)前我國(guó)法院認(rèn)定公民濫用訴權(quán)的司法案例,主要從權(quán)利行使目的、主觀惡意、訴的利益和損害結(jié)果等四個(gè)方面來(lái)判定政府信息公開(kāi)案件中當(dāng)事人是否構(gòu)成訴權(quán)濫用,為我國(guó)司法實(shí)踐中人民法院審理該類案件提供助力。在行政訴訟中,行政機(jī)關(guān)作為其中一方參與主體,是國(guó)家公權(quán)力的代表,這也就導(dǎo)致我國(guó)行政訴訟制度一直以保障公民的訴權(quán)作為重點(diǎn)任務(wù),學(xué)界對(duì)于行政訴權(quán)的討論也更多地集中于如何構(gòu)建完備的制度體系對(duì)其加以保障。然而,一旦權(quán)利行使超越正當(dāng)界限,背離立法精神和權(quán)利要旨,就會(huì)導(dǎo)致權(quán)利的行使成為不正當(dāng)?shù)臑E用行為。在政府信息公開(kāi)案件中不斷出現(xiàn)的這種訴權(quán)濫用現(xiàn)象在浪費(fèi)公共資源的同時(shí),也異化了政府信息公開(kāi)制度,削弱了司法權(quán)威和公信力。對(duì)于這種違背現(xiàn)代法治理念的訴權(quán)濫用行為,我們必須要采取相應(yīng)的預(yù)防和規(guī)制措施。鑒于我國(guó)目前側(cè)重于保護(hù)公民的知情權(quán)和行政訴權(quán),在認(rèn)定當(dāng)事人構(gòu)成訴權(quán)濫用時(shí)要慎之又慎,采取規(guī)制措施時(shí)也要堅(jiān)持法律保留原則,并在遵循正當(dāng)程序的同時(shí)保證措施的適當(dāng)性,不能反過(guò)來(lái)對(duì)基本權(quán)利造成不當(dāng)侵害。筆者也會(huì)闡明政府信息公開(kāi)案件中訴權(quán)濫用行為出現(xiàn)的原因,并主要從政府信息公開(kāi)制度本身的完善和公民權(quán)利救濟(jì)途徑的拓展來(lái)引導(dǎo)公民理性行使行政訴權(quán)。同時(shí),也要發(fā)揮人民法院的司法能動(dòng)性,適度強(qiáng)化法官的職權(quán)調(diào)查權(quán),明確濫用訴權(quán)的責(zé)任制度,為實(shí)踐中出現(xiàn)訴權(quán)濫用情形時(shí)提供可以借鑒的預(yù)防措施。
[Abstract]:Government information disclosure system is the product of the development of modern administrative law, because it plays an important role in protecting citizens' right to know and creating a new government governance system. Once became the focus of scholars at home and abroad. However, on the basis of statistical analysis of the current administrative litigation cases in China. It can be seen that government information disclosure cases in the entire litigation system occupies a large proportion at the same time. In addition, some citizens abuse the right of action to harm the public interest. Our current laws and regulations do not clearly specify the specific elements of abuse of the right of action. On the basis of the nature of the right of action, the author will combine the experience of mature countries with the rule of law outside the country and the current judicial cases of citizens' abuse of the right of action in our courts, mainly from the purpose of exercising the right, subjective malice. The interests of litigation and the result of damages are four aspects to determine whether the parties in the public government information cases constitute abuse of the right of action, in order to provide assistance for the people's courts to try such cases in our judicial practice. In the administrative proceedings. Administrative organs as one of the parties to participate in the main body, is the representative of the national public power, which has led to our administrative litigation system has been to protect the rights of citizens as the focus of the task. The discussion of the right of administrative action also focuses more on how to construct a complete system to protect it. However, once the exercise of the right exceeds the proper limits, it deviates from the spirit of legislation and the essence of the right. It will lead to the exercise of rights become improper abuse. In the case of government information disclosure of this kind of abuse of the right of action in the waste of public resources, but also alienated the system of government information disclosure. It weakens the judicial authority and credibility, and abuses the right of action against the concept of modern rule of law. We must take corresponding preventive and regulatory measures. In view of our current focus on the protection of citizens' right to know and administrative right of action, we should be careful when determining that the parties constitute abuse of the right of action. We should also adhere to the principle of legal reservation when adopting regulatory measures and ensure the appropriateness of the measures while following due process. The author will also clarify the reasons for the abuse of the right of action in the case of government information disclosure. And mainly from the government information disclosure system itself and the development of civil rights relief channels to guide citizens to rationally exercise the administrative right of action. At the same time, it is necessary to give play to the judicial initiative of the people's court. It is necessary to strengthen the investigating power of the judge, to clarify the responsibility system of the abuse of the right of action, and to provide the preventive measures which can be used for reference when the situation of abuse of the right of action appears in practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.1
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本文編號(hào)：1475007