發(fā)布時間：2018-01-22 07:00

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 轉(zhuǎn)基因生物安全 風(fēng)險預(yù)防 產(chǎn)品許可證 恢復(fù)補救性制度　出處：《揚州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：轉(zhuǎn)基因生物技術(shù)的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展,為人類戰(zhàn)勝饑餓和疾病提供了幫助,同時也帶來了一定的風(fēng)險和沖擊。轉(zhuǎn)基因生物可能導(dǎo)致一些安全問題,從法律角度看,主要包含以下兩方面的內(nèi)容:一是對生態(tài)和健康風(fēng)險的防范,二是一旦導(dǎo)致?lián)p害,法律是否加以救濟,以及提供怎樣的制度加以救濟。因此,加強轉(zhuǎn)基因生物安全法律制度的建設(shè)有著十分重要的理論意義和立法參考價值。全文共分四個部分,脈絡(luò)體系如下:第一部分:導(dǎo)論。以StarLink玉米事件和Pusztai事件為例提出轉(zhuǎn)基因生物安全問題,分析了選題背景及研究意義,對國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀作了梳理及歸納分析,國內(nèi)學(xué)者分為三種流派:“宣言性法律派”、“全過程規(guī)制派”、“禁止研發(fā)派”;國外主要有技術(shù)發(fā)展優(yōu)先論、環(huán)境保護優(yōu)先論、可持續(xù)發(fā)展論。第二部分:對我國轉(zhuǎn)基因生物安全立法現(xiàn)狀及存在問題作了剖析,存在四個方面的問題:缺少法律層次的綜合性法典、缺乏高效統(tǒng)一的轉(zhuǎn)基因生物安全監(jiān)管機制、缺乏應(yīng)急處理機制和損害賠償?shù)南鄳?yīng)立法、缺乏轉(zhuǎn)基因生物安全信息共享機制及公眾參與權(quán)的相應(yīng)立法。第三部分:對美國、歐盟及國際上關(guān)于轉(zhuǎn)基因生物安全法制經(jīng)驗作了總結(jié)歸納,得出了五點啟示:一是重視以風(fēng)險分析為基礎(chǔ)的管理制度;二是制定技術(shù)指南和指導(dǎo)性文件之重要性;三是應(yīng)依法保障轉(zhuǎn)基因生物安全;四是轉(zhuǎn)基因生物安全監(jiān)督檢查制度化;五是輿論宣傳是實施轉(zhuǎn)基因生物安全監(jiān)管的重要途徑。第四部分:在全面分析我國轉(zhuǎn)基因生物安全立法現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上,借鑒國外相關(guān)法律規(guī)制經(jīng)驗,提出健全我國轉(zhuǎn)基因生物安全法律體系之構(gòu)想:制定《轉(zhuǎn)基因生物安全法》、加強轉(zhuǎn)基因生物安全監(jiān)管機制建設(shè)、加強信息共享機制和保障公眾參與權(quán)立法、加強轉(zhuǎn)基因生物安全法的恢復(fù)補救性制度。
[Abstract]:The production and development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have helped human beings to fight hunger and disease, but also brought about certain risks and shocks. GMOs may lead to some safety problems, from the legal point of view. Mainly includes the following two aspects: first, the prevention of ecological and health risks, second, once the damage, whether the law relief, and what kind of system to provide relief. Strengthening the construction of transgenic biosafety legal system has very important theoretical significance and legislative reference value. The full text is divided into four parts. The sequence system is as follows: the first part: introduction. Taking StarLink corn event and Pusztai event as examples, the paper puts forward the issue of transgenic biosafety, and analyzes the background and significance of the research. Domestic scholars are divided into three schools: "declarative law school", "whole process regulation school", "prohibition of R & D school"; Foreign countries mainly have technology development priority theory, environmental protection priority theory, sustainable development theory. The second part: the current situation and existing problems of transgenic biosafety legislation in China are analyzed. There are four problems: the lack of comprehensive legal level code, the lack of efficient and unified genetically modified biosafety regulatory mechanism, the lack of emergency mechanisms and the corresponding legislation for compensation for damage. Lack of GM biosafety information sharing mechanism and the corresponding legislation of public participation. Part III: the United States, the European Union and the international GM biosafety legal system experience summarized. Five enlightenments are obtained: first, attach importance to the management system based on risk analysis; Second, the importance of developing technical guidance and guidance documents; Third, the safety of transgenic organisms should be guaranteed according to law; Fourth, the systematization of safety supervision and inspection of transgenic organisms; Fifth, publicity is an important way to implement GMO biosafety supervision. Part 4th: on the basis of comprehensive analysis of the current situation of GMO biosafety legislation in China, we can learn from the relevant legal regulation experience of foreign countries. This paper puts forward the idea of perfecting the legal system of transgenic biosafety in China: making the Law on genetically modified Biosafety, strengthening the Construction of Supervision Mechanism of transgenic Biosafety, strengthening the Mechanism of Information sharing and protecting the legislation of Public participation right. Strengthen the restoration of the remediation system of the GMO Biosafety Act.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.16

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