【摘要】：對刑法機(jī)能的研究是刑法中的基礎(chǔ)理論問題,但最近刑法的理論及立法發(fā)展都在刑法的保護(hù)機(jī)能的擴(kuò)張和限制問題上產(chǎn)生了較大的分歧和沖突。本文以刑法保護(hù)機(jī)能的擴(kuò)張與限制為主線,以問題為導(dǎo)向,試圖對以下一系列問題進(jìn)行了解答：刑法保護(hù)機(jī)能的擴(kuò)張是否存在?這種擴(kuò)張是否具有正當(dāng)性?擴(kuò)張的表現(xiàn)形式是什么?刑法的擴(kuò)張是否應(yīng)當(dāng)受到限制?對刑法保護(hù)機(jī)能擴(kuò)張的限制是如何實(shí)現(xiàn)的?如何在刑法保護(hù)機(jī)能的擴(kuò)張與限制之間尋求平衡?并由此提出應(yīng)當(dāng)在兩者之前尋求平衡,以實(shí)現(xiàn)刑法保護(hù)機(jī)能擴(kuò)張的現(xiàn)實(shí)需要,但同時(shí)也不能逾越傳統(tǒng)刑法的基本原則,要堅(jiān)持罪責(zé)刑法的基本性質(zhì)。本文除引言以外的正文部分包括四章的內(nèi)容： 引言部分主要介紹了本文寫作的社會背景以及學(xué)界對與此相關(guān)問題的探討,進(jìn)而指出本文研究的意義。在當(dāng)今社會,對社會安全問題的關(guān)注成為刑事立法的重要導(dǎo)向,因此,學(xué)界對刑法如何體現(xiàn)自由和秩序的價(jià)值平衡也進(jìn)行了探討,也提出了許多新的觀點(diǎn)和理論。本文希望在對這些理論進(jìn)行分析和總結(jié)的基礎(chǔ)上,從刑法保護(hù)機(jī)能的擴(kuò)張與限制的視角來探討這一問題。 第一章主要對刑法保護(hù)機(jī)能進(jìn)行解讀。首先,從刑罰的機(jī)能的一般原理入手,刑法的機(jī)能可分為本體機(jī)能和目的機(jī)能,刑法的本體機(jī)能是指行為規(guī)制機(jī)能,而刑法的目的機(jī)能則是指人權(quán)保障機(jī)能和社會保護(hù)機(jī)能。在此基礎(chǔ)上,對刑法的保護(hù)機(jī)能的內(nèi)部機(jī)理和外部機(jī)理進(jìn)行了分析,刑法的保護(hù)機(jī)能既有自身的目標(biāo)和價(jià)值定位,也要受到行為規(guī)制機(jī)能和人權(quán)保障機(jī)能的制約。 第二章主要探討了刑法保護(hù)機(jī)能的擴(kuò)張。首先,探討了刑法保護(hù)機(jī)能擴(kuò)張所體現(xiàn)出的社會背景,對目前較為盛行的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)社會理論進(jìn)行了解讀和分析,并在此基礎(chǔ)上判斷雖然我國目前并沒有進(jìn)入學(xué)者所描述的“風(fēng)險(xiǎn)社會”,但現(xiàn)代社會的各種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不斷增加是一種事實(shí),刑法可以起到對部分人為風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的防范作用。另外,刑法作為社會管理的手段之一,應(yīng)當(dāng)積極應(yīng)對社會形勢的變化,這些都是刑法的保護(hù)機(jī)能的擴(kuò)張背后的社會原因。其次,本文還從理論和立法兩個(gè)方面探討了刑法保護(hù)機(jī)能擴(kuò)張的表現(xiàn),對刑法保護(hù)機(jī)能擴(kuò)張的表現(xiàn)形式進(jìn)行了歸納和梳理。 第三章主要分析了對刑法保護(hù)機(jī)能的擴(kuò)張的限制。刑法保護(hù)機(jī)能的擴(kuò)張雖然有其必要性,但并不是毫無節(jié)制的。首先,刑法的保護(hù)機(jī)能的擴(kuò)張應(yīng)受到刑罰的保障機(jī)能的限制,在我國當(dāng)前的社會環(huán)境中,在刑法的機(jī)能模式上應(yīng)堅(jiān)持人權(quán)保障機(jī)能優(yōu)先的模式。其次,刑法保護(hù)機(jī)能的擴(kuò)張還受到刑法的基本原則的限制,雖然刑法的基本原則不是一成不變的,但對于刑法基本原則的核心概念和內(nèi)容的堅(jiān)持,是刑法機(jī)能發(fā)展不容突破的底線。 第四章則是探討如何尋求對刑法保護(hù)機(jī)能擴(kuò)張與限制的平衡,以實(shí)現(xiàn)刑法保護(hù)機(jī)能的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。從協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的路徑上來看,目前主要有兩種可供選擇的路徑,一是強(qiáng)調(diào)刑法功能化的一元化路徑,二是以刑罰和“保安處分”并存的二元化路徑,筆者通過對這兩種路徑的優(yōu)劣的對比,認(rèn)為在堅(jiān)持人權(quán)保障機(jī)能優(yōu)先的模式下,我國刑法仍然應(yīng)當(dāng)堅(jiān)守罪責(zé)刑法的本質(zhì),同時(shí)承認(rèn)刑法的適度擴(kuò)張,以實(shí)現(xiàn)刑法機(jī)能的平衡發(fā)展。在犯罪的本質(zhì)問題上,應(yīng)當(dāng)采用“規(guī)范違反說”的立場,同時(shí)也要堅(jiān)持本體論的法益概念,以實(shí)現(xiàn)對國家刑罰權(quán)的限制。而在對刑罰的性質(zhì)上,堅(jiān)持刑罰的本質(zhì)與目的的一體論,即刑罰的本質(zhì)在于報(bào)應(yīng),但刑罰也具有多重目的,報(bào)應(yīng)作為刑罰的本質(zhì)貫穿于刑罰實(shí)現(xiàn)過程的始終,而在刑罰實(shí)現(xiàn)過程的不同階段則主要體現(xiàn)了刑罰的不同目的。最后,在犯罪圈擴(kuò)大的前提下,刑罰的發(fā)展應(yīng)當(dāng)以輕緩化為主要方向,實(shí)現(xiàn)刑法保護(hù)機(jī)能的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The research on the function of criminal law is the basic theory in the criminal law, but the recent theoretical and legislative developments of the criminal law have made great differences and conflicts on the expansion and limitation of the protection function of the criminal law. In this paper, the main line of the expansion and limitation of the protection function of the criminal law is to solve the following problems: whether the expansion of the protection function of the criminal law exists? Is this expansion justified? What is the form of expansion? Should the expansion of the criminal law be restricted? How can the limitation of the expansion of the protection function of the criminal law be realized? How to seek a balance between the expansion and the limitation of the protection function of the criminal law? Therefore, it is necessary to seek the balance before the two, so as to realize the realistic need of the criminal law protection function expansion, but at the same time, the basic principle of the traditional criminal law cannot be overcome, and the basic character of the criminal law should be adhered to. In addition to the introduction, this article includes four chapters: The introduction part mainly introduces the social background and the study of the related problems in this paper, and points out the meaning of this paper. In today's society, the concern of social security has become an important guide of criminal legislation. Therefore, the academic circle has also discussed how to embody the value balance of freedom and order in the criminal law, and also put forward many new ideas and theories. On the basis of the analysis and conclusion of these theories, this paper discusses this question from the perspective of the expansion and limitation of the protection function of the criminal law. The first chapter mainly introduces the protection function of the criminal law First, from the general principle of the function of the penalty, the function of the criminal law can be divided into the body function and the purpose function, the body function of the criminal law is the act regulation function, and the purpose function of the criminal law is the human rights protection function and the social protection function. On the basis of this, the internal mechanism and the external mechanism of the protection function of the criminal law are analyzed, and the protection function of the criminal law has its own goal and value orientation, and is also subject to the function of the behavior regulation and the human rights protection function. The second chapter mainly discusses the protection of the criminal law. First of all, the social background reflected by the expansion of the protection function of the criminal law is discussed, and the current social theory of the risk society is analyzed and analyzed, and on the basis of this, it is judged that while the present situation in China has not entered the "the crik society" as described by the scholar. / unk>, but the increasing risk of modern society is a fact, and the criminal law can play a role in some people's risk In addition, the criminal law, as one of the means of social management, should actively cope with the change of the social situation, which is behind the expansion of the protection function of the criminal law Secondly, the article also discusses the function expansion of the criminal law from two aspects: the theory and the legislation, and the expression of the protection function expansion of the criminal law. The third chapter mainly analyzes the protection of the criminal law The limitation of the expansion of criminal law. The expansion of the protection function of the criminal law has its necessity, but it does not First, the expansion of the protection function of the criminal law should be limited by the guarantee function of the penalty. In the present social environment of our country, the human rights guarantee should be adhered to in the function model of the criminal law Second, the expansion of the protection function of the criminal law is limited by the basic principle of the criminal law, although the basic principle of the criminal law is not the same, the core concept and the content of the basic principle of the criminal law are the development of the criminal law. The fourth chapter is to explore how to seek the balance of the expansion and restriction of the protection function of the criminal law, so as to realize the criminal law The coordination and development of the protection function. From the path of the coordinated development, there are two alternative routes, one is the unified path of the functionalization of the criminal law, and the other is the dualistic path of the coexistence of the penalty and the "Security disposition". On the basis of the comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the different routes, we believe that in the mode of insisting on the priority of human rights protection function, our country's criminal law should stick to the essence of the criminal law, and recognize the proper expansion of the criminal law in order to realize it. The balanced development of the function of the criminal law should adopt the "standard violation" 's position on the essence of the crime, and also insist on the concept of the legal interest of the ontology to realize the balanced development of the criminal law. On the nature of the penalty, the essence of the penalty is the integral theory of the purpose, that is, the essence of the penalty is the retribution, but the penalty also has multiple purposes, and the retribution is the essence of the penalty. The main body of the process of the realization of the penalty, and in the different stages of the implementation of the penalty In the end, under the premise of the expansion of the crime circle, the development of the penalty should be gradually changed into the main direction, and the criminal law should be realized
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D924.1

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