試論利用影響力受賄罪
發(fā)布時間：2019-04-27 19:10
【摘要】：作為《中華人民共和國刑法修正案（七）》（以下簡稱《刑法修正案（七）》）新增設的罪名，，利用影響力受賄罪甫一出臺，就引起理論界與學術(shù)界的廣泛關(guān)注與爭議。本文在對該罪出臺、設立前后所涉及到的單獨設立該罪的立法價值、具體刑法罪名的確定以及在司法實踐中需要厘清的具體法律概念的含義、性質(zhì)、犯罪構(gòu)成要件等相關(guān)爭議問題予以簡要梳理的基礎上，進行一些自己粗淺的思考與探討，并從增加對合犯的規(guī)定、擴大賄賂范圍的角度提出未來對本罪予以立法完善的兩點建議，以期為司法實踐中正確適用本罪提供一種思考的角度與思路。 在研究方法上，本文始終堅持歷史分析方法與比較分析方法相結(jié)合，并充分考慮我國國情和立法現(xiàn)狀，分別從順應歷史發(fā)展趨勢、嚴密刑事法網(wǎng)、履行國際條約義務與國際反腐形勢所趨三個角度對增設本罪的正當性基礎予以論述，并簡要介紹了該罪的罪名確定。對本罪涉及的相關(guān)法律概念爭議，本文指出“近親屬”應采用刑事法律的界定范圍，“關(guān)系密切人”的認定應從主客觀相結(jié)合的角度實際出發(fā)綜合判斷，“影響力”的性質(zhì)，不能將權(quán)力性影響力排除在外。對于犯罪構(gòu)成要件，本文認為，本罪與受賄罪本罪的本質(zhì)特征不同。受賄罪的本質(zhì)在于直接的權(quán)錢交易。是掌握公權(quán)力的權(quán)力主體將其享有的公權(quán)力直接進行權(quán)錢交易的行為。但在本罪中，進行利益交換的是一種“影響力”，因而這與受賄罪中“出賣公權(quán)力”的又有所不同，因而本罪的客體不是“國家工作人員職務行為的廉潔性”而是“職務行為的正當性”；對于主體范圍，本文認為本罪中限定主體范圍的關(guān)鍵在于“關(guān)系密切”一詞，至于行為人本身是否具有國家工作人員身份，并不影響其能否成為利用影響力受賄罪主體的判斷；對客觀要件方面的“為他人謀取”的理解和“不正當利益”的界定，本文同樣從梳理概念形成脈絡，與受賄罪的規(guī)定進行比較分析的角度，提出了自己的思考和理解；對于立法完善，本文則仍然從回顧我國相關(guān)立法傳統(tǒng)、綜合考察、研究世界各國及區(qū)域立法例的基礎上，提出了增加對合犯的規(guī)定及擴大“賄賂”范圍兩個方面的立法完善建議。
[Abstract]:As a new crime in the Criminal Law Amendment (7) of the people's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Criminal Law Amendment 7), the crime of accepting bribes by using influence has aroused widespread concern and controversy in the theoretical and academic circles as soon as it was introduced. This article introduces the crime, the legislative value of establishing the crime separately before and after the establishment, the determination of the specific criminal charges and the meaning and nature of the specific legal concepts that need to be clarified in the judicial practice. On the basis of briefly combing the related controversial issues, such as the elements of crime constitution, this paper carries on some superficial thinking and discussion, and from the addition of the provisions on joint offenses, From the angle of expanding the scope of bribery, two suggestions are put forward to improve the legislation of this crime in the future, in order to provide a thinking angle and train of thought for the correct application of the crime in judicial practice. In the research method, this article always insists on the combination of the historical analysis method and the comparative analysis method, and takes fully into account the national conditions and the current legislative situation of our country, respectively, to conform to the historical development trend, and to tighten the criminal law net. In order to fulfill the obligations of international treaties and the trend of international anti-corruption situation, this paper discusses the justifiable basis of adding this crime, and briefly introduces the definition of the crime. Regarding the dispute of related legal concepts involved in this crime, this paper points out that "close relatives" should adopt the definition scope of criminal law, that "closely related persons" should be judged comprehensively from the angle of combination of subjective and objective, that is, the nature of "influence". Power influence cannot be excluded. As to the constituent elements of crime, this paper argues that the essential characteristics of this crime are different from those of bribery crime. The essence of the crime of accepting bribes lies in the direct trading of power and money. It is the behavior of the power subject who holds the public power to directly carry on the transaction of the power and money. But in this crime, the exchange of interests is a kind of "influence", which is different from the "betrayal of public power" in the crime of accepting bribes. Therefore, the object of this crime is not "the integrity of the official behavior of the state functionary" but "the legitimacy of the duty act"; As for the scope of subject, this paper holds that the key to limit the scope of subject in this crime lies in the word "close relationship". As to whether the actor has the status of state functionary or not, it does not affect the judgment of whether the actor can become the subject of the crime of using influence to accept bribes. With regard to the understanding of the objective elements of "seeking for others" and the definition of "improper interests", this article also puts forward its own thinking and understanding from the perspective of combing the formation of the concept and comparing with the provisions of the crime of accepting bribes. For the perfection of legislation, this article still from the review of the relevant legislative tradition of our country, comprehensive investigation, the study of the world and regional legislation on the basis of the case, This paper puts forward two suggestions to improve the legislation of the joint offender and expand the scope of bribery.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D924.392
本文編號：2467239
[Abstract]:As a new crime in the Criminal Law Amendment (7) of the people's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Criminal Law Amendment 7), the crime of accepting bribes by using influence has aroused widespread concern and controversy in the theoretical and academic circles as soon as it was introduced. This article introduces the crime, the legislative value of establishing the crime separately before and after the establishment, the determination of the specific criminal charges and the meaning and nature of the specific legal concepts that need to be clarified in the judicial practice. On the basis of briefly combing the related controversial issues, such as the elements of crime constitution, this paper carries on some superficial thinking and discussion, and from the addition of the provisions on joint offenses, From the angle of expanding the scope of bribery, two suggestions are put forward to improve the legislation of this crime in the future, in order to provide a thinking angle and train of thought for the correct application of the crime in judicial practice. In the research method, this article always insists on the combination of the historical analysis method and the comparative analysis method, and takes fully into account the national conditions and the current legislative situation of our country, respectively, to conform to the historical development trend, and to tighten the criminal law net. In order to fulfill the obligations of international treaties and the trend of international anti-corruption situation, this paper discusses the justifiable basis of adding this crime, and briefly introduces the definition of the crime. Regarding the dispute of related legal concepts involved in this crime, this paper points out that "close relatives" should adopt the definition scope of criminal law, that "closely related persons" should be judged comprehensively from the angle of combination of subjective and objective, that is, the nature of "influence". Power influence cannot be excluded. As to the constituent elements of crime, this paper argues that the essential characteristics of this crime are different from those of bribery crime. The essence of the crime of accepting bribes lies in the direct trading of power and money. It is the behavior of the power subject who holds the public power to directly carry on the transaction of the power and money. But in this crime, the exchange of interests is a kind of "influence", which is different from the "betrayal of public power" in the crime of accepting bribes. Therefore, the object of this crime is not "the integrity of the official behavior of the state functionary" but "the legitimacy of the duty act"; As for the scope of subject, this paper holds that the key to limit the scope of subject in this crime lies in the word "close relationship". As to whether the actor has the status of state functionary or not, it does not affect the judgment of whether the actor can become the subject of the crime of using influence to accept bribes. With regard to the understanding of the objective elements of "seeking for others" and the definition of "improper interests", this article also puts forward its own thinking and understanding from the perspective of combing the formation of the concept and comparing with the provisions of the crime of accepting bribes. For the perfection of legislation, this article still from the review of the relevant legislative tradition of our country, comprehensive investigation, the study of the world and regional legislation on the basis of the case, This paper puts forward two suggestions to improve the legislation of the joint offender and expand the scope of bribery.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D924.392
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