【摘要】：在實務(wù)中,歷來對轉(zhuǎn)化型搶劫犯罪中暴力行為的認(rèn)定不一。由此也引得理論界對此爭議頗多。文章將以6個實務(wù)中的真實案例為引,對轉(zhuǎn)化型搶劫犯罪的暴力以及盜竊、詐騙、搶奪等犯罪行為何時能轉(zhuǎn)化為搶劫罪的相關(guān)問題進(jìn)行探討。文章擬從6個已經(jīng)判決的轉(zhuǎn)化型搶劫案例開始,從案例存在的爭議焦點出發(fā),從各案例的爭議焦點之中抽象出有關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)化型搶劫罪的暴力的四個共性問題,再分別針對這四個共性問題進(jìn)行逐一闡述。在對這四個方面的問題進(jìn)行論述后,將引出此文的最終立場。文章共分七個部分:第一部分,介紹搜集整理的6個案例及其在實務(wù)中所存在的爭議觀點和法院判決,并由此抽象出如何認(rèn)定轉(zhuǎn)化型搶劫中的暴力的四個爭議問題:暴力行為的表現(xiàn)形式是否屬于刑法第269條中的暴力存在分歧;行為的攻擊強(qiáng)度是否需要達(dá)到刑法中搶劫罪所要求的暴力程度,行為人的暴力行為是否應(yīng)當(dāng)產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)后果才能轉(zhuǎn)化為搶劫;暴力行為應(yīng)當(dāng)具有怎樣的目的或動機(jī);暴力行為應(yīng)當(dāng)在什么時點發(fā)生才能轉(zhuǎn)化為搶劫罪才能轉(zhuǎn)化為搶劫罪等。第二部分,作者將從暴力的詞源學(xué)解釋、日常語義入手,通過探析暴力的通常語義,進(jìn)而介紹英、美、德、日等國刑法對暴力的規(guī)范表達(dá),并比較我國刑法中有關(guān)暴力的規(guī)定,從中發(fā)現(xiàn)英美法系、大陸法系刑法乃至我國刑法對暴力規(guī)定不同特點。最后通過介紹暴力的多種理論學(xué)說來完成本部分對暴力的語義探析。第三部分,明確了轉(zhuǎn)化型搶劫中的暴力應(yīng)當(dāng)具備對象性、攻擊性、壓制性等特點。并結(jié)合具體案例明確轉(zhuǎn)化型搶劫的表現(xiàn)形式不能被概念化,僅能從行為實質(zhì)來判斷某行為是否屬于轉(zhuǎn)化型搶劫中的暴力。第四部分,通過介紹各家學(xué)說,結(jié)合具體案例介紹了轉(zhuǎn)化型搶劫的暴力程度及其結(jié)果的認(rèn)定。第五部分,根據(jù)案例發(fā)現(xiàn),現(xiàn)實當(dāng)中,實施盜竊、詐騙、搶奪等犯罪行為的人針對被害人或者抓捕者實施暴力時可能持有窩藏贓物、抗拒抓捕、毀滅罪證以外的目的或動機(jī)。作者在此部分,結(jié)合各家學(xué)說論述了,在轉(zhuǎn)化型搶劫罪中,行為人唯有具備窩藏贓物、抗拒抓捕或者毀滅罪證等目的之一的暴力行為才屬于轉(zhuǎn)化型搶劫中的暴力。第六部分,通過對轉(zhuǎn)化型搶劫的暴力行為發(fā)生的犯罪階段、暴力行為是否“當(dāng)場”實施兩個方面入手,論述了轉(zhuǎn)化搶劫中暴力的時空條件及其認(rèn)定。(二)第七部分,作為全文的總結(jié)和升華,作者從刑法的謙抑性和罪行相適應(yīng)原則的角度論述了文章對轉(zhuǎn)化型搶劫轉(zhuǎn)化的基本立場:(一)只有具有獲取數(shù)額較大財物的可能,并是以此為目的的前行為才能成為轉(zhuǎn)化型搶劫的前提條件;(二)程度輕微的暴力行為不能成立轉(zhuǎn)化型搶劫罪;(三)前行為所針對的財物價值微薄,但暴力程度嚴(yán)重的不能轉(zhuǎn)化為搶劫罪,暴力行為造成他人輕傷、重傷等嚴(yán)重?fù)p害的,可以故意傷害等犯罪處理
[Abstract]:In practice, the identification of violence in transformed robbery has always been different. This also leads to a lot of controversy in the theoretical circle. Based on six real cases in practice, this paper probes into the related problems of violence, theft, fraud, robbery and so on, when the crime of robbery can be transformed into the crime of robbery. This paper begins with 6 cases of transformed robbery that have already been adjudicated, starting from the dispute focus of the cases, abstracting four common problems about the violence of transformed robbery from the dispute focus of each case. Then the four common problems are explained one by one. After discussing the four aspects, it will lead to the final position of this article. The article is divided into seven parts: in the first part, the author introduces the six cases collected and collated, as well as their controversial viewpoints and court judgments in practice. And from this abstract how to determine the transformed robbery of violence in the four controversial issues: whether the manifestation of violence belongs to the criminal law in the 269 article of violence there are differences; Whether the intensity of the act of attack needs to reach the level of violence required by robbery in criminal law, whether the perpetrator's violent act should have corresponding consequences before it can be transformed into robbery, what kind of purpose or motive the violent act should have; At what point should violence be turned into robbery. In the second part, the author begins with the etymological explanation and the daily semantics of violence, and then introduces the normative expression of violence in the criminal laws of Britain, America, Germany and Japan, and compares the provisions on violence in our country's criminal law. It is found that there are different characteristics of violence in Anglo-American law system, civil law and even our country's criminal law. Finally, the semantic analysis of violence is completed by introducing various theories of violence. In the third part, the author clarifies that the violence in the transformed robbery should have the characteristics of object, aggression, repression and so on. Combined with specific cases, it is clear that the manifestation of transformational robbery can not be conceptualized, but can only judge whether a certain behavior belongs to violence in transformational robbery from the nature of behavior. The fourth part, through the introduction of various theories, combined with specific cases to introduce the degree of violence and the results of transformational robbery. The fifth part, according to the case finding, in reality, the perpetrators of theft, fraud, snatch and other criminal acts against the victim or arrester may hold stolen goods, resist arrest, destroy the purpose or motive other than evidence. In this part, combined with various theories, the author discusses that in the crime of transformed robbery, the perpetrator only has the purpose of harbouring stolen goods, resisting arrest or destruction of evidence, and so on, can it be classified as violence in transformed robbery. In the sixth part, the author discusses the space-time condition of violence in transformed robbery and its identification through two aspects: the crime stage of transforming robbery and whether the violence is carried out on the spot. (2) in the seventh part, as a summary and sublimation of the full text, the author discusses the basic position of the article on the transformation of transformed robbery from the point of view of the modesty of the criminal law and the principle of adaptation of the crime: (1) there is only the possibility of obtaining a large amount of property. The former behavior can become the precondition of transforming robbery. (2) the crime of transformed robbery cannot be established if the degree of violence is slight; (3) if the value of the property targeted by the preceding act is meagre, but the degree of violence cannot be transformed into the crime of robbery, if the act of violence causes minor injury to another person, serious injury or other serious damage, he may deal with the crime of intentional injury or other crimes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D924.3

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 張明楷;;事后搶劫罪的成立條件[J];法學(xué)家;2013年05期

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本文編號：2405116