【摘要】：為實現(xiàn)刑法之威懾和懲罰功能,古代國家法律將沒收罪犯之全部財產(chǎn)作為刑罰適用。近代以來,雖然基于懲罰犯罪之必要,依照刑法規(guī)定之情形,可以適用沒收罪犯財產(chǎn)之一部分,但多數(shù)國家的憲法規(guī)定禁止適用沒收罪犯之全部財產(chǎn)。由于近代以來的立憲主義憲法以保護公民基本權(quán)利為首要價值,憲法對生命、自由和財產(chǎn)加以嚴(yán)格保護,因此,憲法往往規(guī)定刑事司法的基本原則,將憲法的價值植入刑事法之中,如憲法規(guī)定廢除或者嚴(yán)格限制適用死刑、禁止刑訊逼供、罪刑法定、無罪推定等等。憲法明確禁止適用沒收罪犯全部財產(chǎn)的刑罰,其正當(dāng)性首先表現(xiàn)在透過憲法的禁止性規(guī)定,彰顯對財產(chǎn)權(quán)以及財產(chǎn)繼承權(quán)的保護;其次,表現(xiàn)在不以沒收全部財產(chǎn)作為懲罰罪犯之手段,防止國家濫用刑罰權(quán),避免適用報復(fù)性酷刑,以達到尊重個人人格的目的。
[Abstract]:In order to realize the function of deterrence and punishment of criminal law, the ancient state law applied the confiscation of all the criminals' property as punishment. Since modern times, according to the criminal law, part of the criminal property can be confiscated because of the necessity of punishing the crime, but the constitution of most countries forbids the confiscation of all the criminal property. Since the constitutionalist constitution of modern times takes the protection of the fundamental rights of citizens as the primary value and strictly protects life, freedom and property, it often stipulates the basic principles of criminal justice. The value of the constitution is embedded in the criminal law, such as the abolition or strict restriction of the death penalty, the prohibition of extorting confessions by torture, the legality of the crime, the presumption of innocence and so on. The constitution explicitly forbids the punishment of confiscating all the criminals' property, the legitimacy of which is first manifested in the protection of property rights and property inheritance rights through the prohibitive provisions of the constitution; Secondly, it does not take the confiscation of all property as a means to punish criminals, prevents the state from abusing the right of punishment, avoids the application of retaliatory torture, in order to achieve the purpose of respecting the individual's personality.
【作者單位】： 重慶工商大學(xué)法學(xué)院;
【分類號】：D914

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