【摘要】：受賄罪自建國(guó)后的52《條例》到現(xiàn)如今的《刑法修正案(九)》,經(jīng)歷了從無(wú)到有、從粗略到細(xì)致、從附屬于貪污罪到分立的蛻變過(guò)程。52《條例》將受賄行為附屬于貪污罪,成為貪污罪的表現(xiàn)形式之一;79《刑法》獨(dú)立出受賄罪,明確了“利用職務(wù)上的便利”的構(gòu)成條件;97《刑法》初步建構(gòu)了受賄罪的罪狀,但是卻沒(méi)有獨(dú)立的刑罰處罰制度,采用“依照刑”的立法例;《刑法修正案(九)》,細(xì)致了受賄罪的成立條件和處罰標(biāo)準(zhǔn),相對(duì)而言完善了定罪量刑環(huán)節(jié)以及改進(jìn)了從寬制度。目前,在“寬嚴(yán)相濟(jì)刑事政策”指導(dǎo)下,受賄罪的立法具有了增設(shè)“終身監(jiān)禁制度”和“罰金刑”這樣嚴(yán)的一面;同時(shí)也有設(shè)置“從寬處罰”規(guī)定來(lái)體現(xiàn)寬的一面。受賄罪在此次修訂后確立了“相對(duì)確定數(shù)額+情節(jié)”的“二元”定罪量刑標(biāo)準(zhǔn),更加貼切受賄罪本質(zhì)來(lái)進(jìn)行衡量。在認(rèn)定和裁量受賄罪過(guò)程中,更加注重情節(jié)的考量,這樣彈性的立法能夠給予法官更多自由裁量權(quán),實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)案正義。與此同時(shí),受賄罪的法定刑做出重大調(diào)整,顯著特點(diǎn)就是將自由刑的刑期幅度拉長(zhǎng),以此來(lái)照應(yīng)“二元”的定罪量刑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)�！缎谭ㄐ拚�(九)》之后完善了受賄罪的立法,概括起來(lái)為“實(shí)現(xiàn)了刑事法網(wǎng)的嚴(yán)密化”、“增強(qiáng)了定罪量刑的靈活性”和“體現(xiàn)了寬嚴(yán)相濟(jì)刑事政策”等三個(gè)部分。但是,學(xué)界爭(zhēng)議、實(shí)務(wù)界棘手的問(wèn)題依然有未解決的,如受賄罪依然是適用“依照刑”,即刑事處罰要依照貪污罪;再如,法定刑配置上缺乏“立竿見(jiàn)影”的“資格刑”等等。針對(duì)受賄罪的時(shí)代演變特征和立法缺陷,需要進(jìn)行立法完善,主要是在罪狀內(nèi)容上將“賄賂”范圍擴(kuò)大到“財(cái)產(chǎn)性利益”以及取消“為他人謀取利益”的要件;在法定刑配置上要獨(dú)立受賄罪的法定刑、廢止受賄罪的死刑以及取消受賄罪的終身監(jiān)禁制度;另外,還要完善從寬處罰制度。《刑法》三百八十五條以及三百八十八條共規(guī)定了“索取型受賄”“收受型受賄”“商業(yè)受賄”和“斡旋受賄”四種受賄方式,法條囊括性太大不能應(yīng)對(duì)當(dāng)前多種新型受賄方式,所以需要適當(dāng)借鑒國(guó)外立法模式。司法上的困境囿于立法的缺陷,盡管《刑法修正案(九)》對(duì)受賄罪做出了巨大修繕,但是沉積多年的“詬病”尚未解決,接下來(lái)的完善方向主要是從以上幾方面著手,逐步開(kāi)展。
[Abstract]:Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the crime of accepting bribes has gone through a process of transformation from scratch to meticulous, from being attached to the crime of corruption to separation. 52 (regulations) subordinate the act of bribery to the crime of corruption. To become one of the manifestations of corruption crime; 79 the Criminal Law has made the crime of accepting bribes independently, and the constitution conditions of "making use of the convenience of duty" have been made clear, 97 the criminal law has preliminarily constructed the charge of the crime of accepting bribes, but there is no independent system of punishment and punishment, and the legislative example of "according to punishment" is adopted. The amendment of the Criminal Law (9) details the conditions for the establishment of the crime of accepting bribes and the standard of punishment, and comparatively improves the link of conviction and sentencing and the system of leniency. At present, under the guidance of the criminal policy of "combining leniency and severity with punishment", the legislation of the crime of accepting bribes has such a severe side as to add "life imprisonment system" and "fine penalty", and at the same time, it also has the stipulation of "lenient punishment" to reflect the lenient side. After this revision, the crime of accepting bribes has established the standard of "dualistic" conviction and sentencing of "relative fixed amount circumstances", which is more appropriate to measure the nature of the crime of accepting bribes. In the process of cognizance and discretion of bribery, more attention is paid to the consideration of circumstances, so that flexible legislation can give judges more discretion and realize case justice. At the same time, the statutory punishment for the crime of accepting bribes has made a major readjustment. The remarkable feature is that the range of sentences for free punishment is lengthened to take care of the "dual" standard of conviction and sentencing. After the amendment of the Criminal Law (9), the legislation on the crime of accepting bribes has been improved. To sum up, there are three parts: "realizing the rigour of criminal law net", "enhancing the flexibility of conviction and sentencing" and "embodying the criminal policy of combining leniency and severity". However, there are still some unresolved problems in the academic circle, such as the crime of accepting bribes is still applicable to "according to punishment", that is, the criminal punishment should be in accordance with the crime of corruption, and for example, the allocation of statutory punishment lacks the "qualification penalty" which has "immediate effect" and so on. In view of the characteristics of the times evolution and the legislative defects of the crime of accepting bribes, it is necessary to perfect the legislation, mainly to expand the scope of "bribery" to "property interests" and to cancel the elements of "seeking benefits for others" in the content of the crime. In the arrangement of statutory punishment, the statutory punishment of bribery crime should be independent, the death penalty of bribery crime should be abolished, and the life imprisonment system of bribery crime should be abolished. In addition, the system of lenient punishment should be improved. Articles 385 and 388 of the Criminal Law provide for four forms of bribery, namely, "soliciting bribery", "accepting bribery of a type", "taking a commercial bribe" and "taking bribes through mediation." The law is too broad to deal with many new forms of bribery, so it is necessary to draw on foreign legislative models. The dilemma in the administration of justice is limited to the defects of the legislation. Although the Criminal Law Amendment (9) has made a huge repair to the crime of accepting bribes, but the "criticism" that has been deposited for many years has not been resolved, the next improvement direction is mainly from the above several aspects. Step by step.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D924.392

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