經(jīng)濟(jì)違法行為刑事制裁介入度研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-12-15 08:23
【摘要】:刑事制裁介入經(jīng)濟(jì)違法行為的程度應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)玫竭m當(dāng)?shù)目刂,不?yīng)太廣,也不應(yīng)太深,這一點(diǎn)已經(jīng)在學(xué)界形成共識(shí)。但介入度具體應(yīng)當(dāng)如何設(shè)置?標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是什么?刑事制裁介入經(jīng)濟(jì)違法行為的邊界在哪里?經(jīng)濟(jì)法與刑法理論上均沒有為立法和司法提供具有參考價(jià)值、可操作的“介入度”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。應(yīng)當(dāng)通過研究提出刑事制裁介入經(jīng)濟(jì)違法行為介入度設(shè)置必須遵循的基本原則,提出具體可行的“介入度”設(shè)置方案,結(jié)合經(jīng)濟(jì)法與刑法的內(nèi)在結(jié)構(gòu)與運(yùn)作機(jī)理,將空泛的“適度論”落實(shí)到立法與司法實(shí)踐中去。 經(jīng)濟(jì)違法行為區(qū)別于其他違法行為的關(guān)鍵特征是其對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)法規(guī)范的違反,經(jīng)濟(jì)違法行為是違反了經(jīng)濟(jì)法律規(guī)范的經(jīng)濟(jì)行為。法的調(diào)整手段民事制裁、行政制裁與刑事制裁存在縱向的遞進(jìn)關(guān)系,對(duì)于民事制裁與行政制裁難以規(guī)制的經(jīng)濟(jì)違法行為,一般就歸入到刑事制裁的領(lǐng)域。經(jīng)濟(jì)違法行為的刑事制裁在立法上主要體現(xiàn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)刑法。經(jīng)濟(jì)違法行為刑事制裁既有深厚的法理基礎(chǔ)又具有鮮活的實(shí)踐,在美國、德國、意大利、俄羅斯、日本、我國臺(tái)灣等國家和地區(qū)均有大量的經(jīng)濟(jì)刑事制裁的立法與司法實(shí)踐。 刑事制裁介入經(jīng)濟(jì)違法行為應(yīng)該把握三個(gè)基本原則:資源優(yōu)化配置原則、社會(huì)本位原則與謙抑原則。資源優(yōu)化配置是一種公共利益,其要求刑事制裁的效益最大化,,因此資源優(yōu)化配置原則是刑事制裁介入經(jīng)濟(jì)違法行為的價(jià)值目標(biāo)與基本原則。刑事制裁介入經(jīng)濟(jì)違法行為的社會(huì)本位原則不僅體現(xiàn)在立法中,更應(yīng)體現(xiàn)在司法過程中,具體體現(xiàn)為慎刑、罰金刑優(yōu)先與嚴(yán)格限制甚至廢除死刑。刑事制裁介入經(jīng)濟(jì)違法行為的謙抑性則要求以最小的支出、少用甚至不用刑罰,而用其他刑罰替代措施有效地預(yù)防和控制犯罪。 為了使經(jīng)濟(jì)違法行為刑事制裁充分發(fā)揮維持最優(yōu)威懾、保護(hù)刑法公正以及促進(jìn)市場(chǎng)增長的作用,刑事制裁介入經(jīng)濟(jì)違法行為應(yīng)當(dāng)設(shè)置好介入的廣度與深度。遵循兩個(gè)邊界原則,一是廣度邊界。廣度設(shè)置的要求刑事制裁的經(jīng)濟(jì)違法行為是值得刑事制裁懲罰的經(jīng)濟(jì)行為,侵犯了法益且具有主觀違法要素。經(jīng)濟(jì)違法行為的刑事制裁在具備上述前提后,還必須符合刑事制裁的標(biāo)準(zhǔn):價(jià)值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上,該經(jīng)濟(jì)違法行為為一般市場(chǎng)主體所不能容忍;形式標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上,該經(jīng)濟(jì)違法行為違反了前置經(jīng)濟(jì)法的規(guī)定;總體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上,該經(jīng)濟(jì)違法行為被刑事制裁納入介入范圍應(yīng)當(dāng)符合合理原則。二是深度邊界,即刑事制裁在作為最后的手段進(jìn)行介入時(shí),必須確保介入深度的適度,深度邊界應(yīng)與介入目的成比例,深度設(shè)置表現(xiàn)在生命刑、自由刑與財(cái)產(chǎn)刑設(shè)置等三個(gè)方面。最優(yōu)自由刑設(shè)置取決于四個(gè)方面的因素:經(jīng)濟(jì)違法行為人的預(yù)期違法收益、經(jīng)濟(jì)違法行為有可能造成的預(yù)期損害、經(jīng)濟(jì)違法行為被刑事制裁的概率、經(jīng)濟(jì)違法行為被刑事制裁的及時(shí)性,文章以壟斷行為為例演示了自由刑設(shè)置的具體操作。自由刑與財(cái)產(chǎn)刑各有優(yōu)劣,為了彌補(bǔ)各自的缺陷,最好的辦法是實(shí)施自由刑與財(cái)產(chǎn)刑的組合。 我國經(jīng)濟(jì)刑事制裁制度離應(yīng)然的理想狀態(tài)還有差距,應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)違法行為刑事制裁介入度進(jìn)行反思,觀察我國經(jīng)濟(jì)刑事制裁制度立法、執(zhí)法與司法等不足。文章通過運(yùn)用實(shí)證分析與社會(huì)學(xué)調(diào)查的方法,提出了我國經(jīng)濟(jì)違法行為刑事制裁介入度存在的問題及解決問題的路徑選擇。
[Abstract]:The extent to which the criminal sanction is involved in economic violations should be controlled appropriately, not too broad or too deep, which has been a consensus in the academic field. But how should the degree of intervention be set? What is the standard? Where is the border of criminal sanctions involved in economic offences? The economic law and the criminal law theory have not provided the reference value and the operable 鈥渄egree of intervention鈥
本文編號(hào):2380335
[Abstract]:The extent to which the criminal sanction is involved in economic violations should be controlled appropriately, not too broad or too deep, which has been a consensus in the academic field. But how should the degree of intervention be set? What is the standard? Where is the border of criminal sanctions involved in economic offences? The economic law and the criminal law theory have not provided the reference value and the operable 鈥渄egree of intervention鈥
本文編號(hào):2380335
本文鏈接:http://sikaile.net/falvlunwen/xingfalunwen/2380335.html
教材專著