【摘要】：重大環(huán)境污染事故故顧名思義是指由于嚴(yán)重違反環(huán)境保護(hù)法規(guī)的經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)活動(dòng)與行為,以及意外因素的影響或不可抗拒的自然災(zāi)害等原因致使環(huán)境受到嚴(yán)重的污染,人體健康受到危害,社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)與人民財(cái)產(chǎn)受到重大的損失,造成不良社會(huì)影響的突發(fā)性事件。其中包括：水污染事故,大氣污染事故,噪聲與振動(dòng)危害事故,固體廢棄物污染事故,農(nóng)藥與有毒化學(xué)品污染事故,放射性污染事故等。 2011年2月25日,第十一屆全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)第十九次會(huì)議通過了《中華人民共和國(guó)刑法修正案(八)》,對(duì)原刑法第338條的重大環(huán)境污染事故罪作出了重大的完善。這樣一來(lái),不僅在客觀方面降低了該罪的入罪門檻,還體現(xiàn)了我國(guó)刑事法律給予環(huán)境法益的特殊保護(hù)。如此一來(lái),這無(wú)疑更加有利于保護(hù)公民賴以生存的環(huán)境,有利于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展健康可持續(xù)發(fā)展。但與此同時(shí),重大環(huán)境污染事故罪遺留的一些歷史問題則依然存在,這就要求我們要進(jìn)一步完善立法司法,將環(huán)境立法司法提高到一個(gè)新的水平。此外,伴隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)值不斷地飆升,技術(shù)日新月異的發(fā)展,污染環(huán)境行為的問題就隨之產(chǎn)生且日趨嚴(yán)重。而在追究重大環(huán)境污染事故刑事責(zé)任實(shí)踐過程中一度處于十分尷尬的境地,因?yàn)橛捎谥T多因素的干擾最終被定罪處罰的屈指可數(shù)。2011年出臺(tái)的《刑法修正案(八)》第46條在諸多方面對(duì)重大環(huán)境污染事故罪做出修改。修改后,罪名也發(fā)生了相應(yīng)的變化,改為：污染環(huán)境罪。在犯罪構(gòu)成上較重大環(huán)境污染事故罪發(fā)生了很大變化,有了一定程度的完善但仍有諸多不足。
[Abstract]:As the name implies, major environmental pollution accidents refer to serious environmental pollution due to serious violations of environmental protection laws and regulations, economic, social activities and behaviors, and the influence of unexpected factors or irresistible natural disasters, etc. Human health is endangered, social economy and people's property suffer great losses, which cause unexpected events of bad social impact. It includes: water pollution accident, air pollution accident, noise and vibration hazard accident, solid waste pollution accident, pesticide and toxic chemical pollution accident, radioactive pollution accident and so on. On February 25, 2011, the 19th meeting of the standing Committee of the Eleventh National people's Congress adopted the Amendment to the Criminal Law of the people's Republic of China (8), which greatly improved the crime of major environmental pollution accident in Article 338 of the former Criminal Law. In this way, it not only lowers the threshold of incrimination, but also reflects the special protection that our criminal law gives to the interests of environmental law. In this way, this is undoubtedly more conducive to the protection of the environment on which citizens depend, and to the healthy and sustainable development of the economy. But at the same time, there are still some historical problems left over by the crime of major environmental pollution accidents, which requires us to further perfect the legislation and judicature and raise the environmental legislation and judicature to a new level. In addition, with the rapid development of technology and the soaring economic value, the problem of environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious. And in the practice of investigating criminal responsibility for major environmental pollution accidents, it was once in a very awkward position. Article 46 of the Criminal Law Amendment (VIII), published in 2011, modifies the crime of major environmental pollution accidents in many ways. After the amendment, the charge has also changed, changed to: pollution of the environment crime. The crime of major environmental pollution accident has changed greatly in the constitution of crime, and has been perfected to some extent, but still has many shortcomings.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北方工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D924.1

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本文編號(hào)：2332195