發(fā)布時間：2018-10-18 19:44

【摘要】：恐怖活動犯罪愈演愈烈,形勢嚴峻,不斷挑戰(zhàn)道德和法律的底線,嚴重影響著世界各國的和平、發(fā)展以及人民生活的安定、幸福。對此,各國均予以嚴厲打擊,立法上“打小、打早、從嚴、從重”,刑事處罰體現(xiàn)出嚴厲化、早期化的特征。我國《刑法修正案(九)》和《反恐怖主義法》順應國際潮流,增加了恐怖活動犯罪的相關罪名、調整了相應的法定刑,體現(xiàn)出恐怖活動犯罪立法嚴刑化的趨勢。本文中的“嚴刑化”指的并不是重刑化,而是出于保護法益、維護社會穩(wěn)定和國家安全的目的,在立法上嚴厲規(guī)制,打早、打小、從嚴、從重,以達到遏制恐怖活動犯罪的目的。《刑法修正案(九)》將我國的反恐立法推上前所未有的高度,主要表現(xiàn)在對恐怖活動犯罪的預備行為實行化、幫助行為正犯化、法定刑的提高等方面。對此,學界的討論也越來越多,在眾多支持聲音的同時也存在一些質疑,主要包括過度重刑化、與共同犯罪理論矛盾、造成刑法總則與分則沖突三個方面。筆者認為,恐怖活動犯罪嚴刑化是在世界恐怖活動犯罪日益猖獗,國內東突、邪教組織等活躍,嚴重威脅我國的社會穩(wěn)定、國家安全的形勢下的必然選擇。同時,隨著地球村的建立,我們勢必要與其他國家聯(lián)合起來共同反恐。在各國立法嚴厲化的同時我們也需要做一些調整,保證我國刑法與國際接軌。此外,英美刑法關于處罰共謀罪的規(guī)定,為研究恐怖活動犯罪嚴刑化提供了方法論的支撐,法律擬制、抽象危險犯為恐怖活動犯罪嚴刑化提供了合理依據(jù)。因此,學界的上述擔憂是沒有必要的,但是嚴刑化立法也需要控制在一定的限度之內,一旦過度將會侵犯公民的自由,帶來犯罪圈的過度夸大、重刑化等弊端,嚴重影響社會的和諧發(fā)展和人民的穩(wěn)定生活。因此,我們在追求恐怖活動犯罪嚴刑化立法,促進法益保護最大化的同時也要保障立法嚴刑化的適度,充分衡量安全與自由的價值,使二者得以平衡,促進刑法與其他社會治理手段的優(yōu)化組合,使得立法科學合理。并且,在司法上把握好“預備的預備”、“預備的幫助”“幫助的預備”“幫助的幫助”的判斷和處罰標準。只有這樣,才能不斷完善立法體系,促進司法實踐的發(fā)展,為反恐提供基礎和保障,為人類發(fā)展提供一個和平、安定、幸福的環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:The crime of terrorist activities is becoming more and more serious and the situation is severe. It constantly challenges the bottom line of morality and law and seriously affects the peace and development of the world and the stability and happiness of the people's life. In the legislation, "small, early, strict and heavy", criminal punishment reflects the characteristics of severe and early punishment. The Criminal Law Amendment (9) and the Anti-Terrorism Law conform to the international trend, increase the related crimes of terrorist activities, adjust the corresponding legal penalties, and reflect the trend of severe punishment in the legislation of terrorist crimes. The term "severe punishment" in this article refers not to severe punishment, but to the purpose of protecting the interests of the law and maintaining social stability and national security. In order to achieve the purpose of curbing the crime of terrorist activities. The Criminal Law Amendment (9) pushed the anti-terrorism legislation of our country to an unprecedented height, mainly manifested in the implementation of the preparatory acts for the crimes of terrorist activities and in helping them commit the principal crimes. The improvement of statutory punishment and so on. In this regard, there are more and more discussions in academic circles, and there are also some doubts in many supporting voices, mainly including excessive severe punishment, contradiction with the theory of joint crime, resulting in three aspects of conflict between the general principles of criminal law and special provisions. The author believes that the severe punishment of terrorist activities is the inevitable choice under the situation that the crimes of terrorist activities are increasingly rampant in the world, the domestic East Turkistan and cult organizations are active, which seriously threaten the social stability and national security of our country. At the same time, with the establishment of the global village, we must join forces with other countries to fight terrorism. At the same time, we also need to make some adjustments to ensure that our criminal law is in line with international standards. In addition, the provisions of Anglo-American criminal law on punishing the crime of complicity provide a methodological support for the study of the severe punishment of the crime of terrorist activity. The legal fiction and abstract dangerous crime provide a reasonable basis for the severe punishment of the crime of terrorist activity. Therefore, the above concerns of academic circles are unnecessary, but severe punishment legislation also needs to be controlled within a certain limit. Once excessive, it will infringe upon citizens' freedom, lead to excessive exaggeration of the criminal circle, heavy punishment, and so on. Seriously affect the harmonious development of society and people's stable life. Therefore, we should pursue the legislation of severe punishment of terrorist activities crime, promote the maximization of legal interests protection, at the same time, we should also ensure the moderation of the severe punishment of legislation, and fully measure the value of security and freedom, so that the two can be balanced. To promote the optimized combination of criminal law and other social governance means, make the legislation scientific and reasonable. Moreover, the judgment and punishment standard of "preparatory preparation", "preparatory help", "help preparation" and "help" should be grasped judicially. Only in this way can we continuously perfect the legislative system, promote the development of judicial practice, provide the basis and guarantee for counterterrorism, and provide a peaceful, stable and happy environment for human development.
【學位授予單位】：山西大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D924.3

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本文編號：2280179