對(duì)有影響力的人行賄罪法律適用問題研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-05 16:29
【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)改革開放進(jìn)程的不斷推進(jìn),市場(chǎng)主體為了在市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中能夠最大化滿足自身利益的訴求,采取一些違法手段獲得利益。在傳統(tǒng)的貪腐類案件中,市場(chǎng)主體多采用的是對(duì)國(guó)家工作人員直接給予財(cái)物或是承諾給予財(cái)物的行為方式,我國(guó)刑法傳統(tǒng)理論規(guī)范的也是這種直接行賄行為。然而隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和社會(huì)中人與人交往的加深,存在國(guó)家工作人員身邊的人員利用公職人員的影響力而收受他人財(cái)物的情況,對(duì)于該類行為我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)刑法未作出規(guī)定,這也是我國(guó)法律存在漏洞的表現(xiàn)之一。為了更好規(guī)范公民的行為,2007年我國(guó)出臺(tái)了《刑法修正案(七)》正式將利用影響力受賄的行為作為犯罪進(jìn)行處罰,這也是我國(guó)逐步完善規(guī)范侵犯國(guó)家法益的犯罪行為。隨著社會(huì)關(guān)系的變化,近年來貪污案件主體呈現(xiàn)的向國(guó)家工作人員身邊擴(kuò)大的趨勢(shì),即國(guó)家工作人員身邊的近親屬或是其他具有密切關(guān)系的人,這些主體利用這種影響力為行賄人謀取利益。在《刑法修正案(九)》頒布以前我國(guó)刑法沒有相應(yīng)的法律規(guī)定規(guī)范這種對(duì)有影響力的人行賄的行為,這種行為成為法外空間,這樣并不能很好保護(hù)我國(guó)刑法的法益,在一定程度可能助漲該類行為的氣焰。為了規(guī)范現(xiàn)代社會(huì)出現(xiàn)的新型犯罪行為,我國(guó)于2015年出臺(tái)的《刑法修正案(九)》將對(duì)有影響力的人行賄行為作為刑法規(guī)制的對(duì)象。本文采用的傳統(tǒng)的分析方法,對(duì)該罪規(guī)定的構(gòu)成要件進(jìn)行分析,梳理目前我國(guó)刑法理論中對(duì)該罪構(gòu)成要件中的要素進(jìn)行分析,明確要素的具體內(nèi)容,也為《刑法修正案(九)》對(duì)該行為的法律適用提供理論的依據(jù)。本文首先從對(duì)有影響力的人的行為作為刑法規(guī)范的意義入手,分析對(duì)比域外對(duì)該類行為的立法規(guī)定和我國(guó)對(duì)該行為的立法現(xiàn)狀,總結(jié)域外法律規(guī)定對(duì)我國(guó)的啟示。法律是經(jīng)驗(yàn)的總結(jié),域外國(guó)家對(duì)該類行為的規(guī)定可以成為我國(guó)規(guī)范該類行為參考,法律是人類智慧的總結(jié),同樣我們國(guó)家的法律規(guī)定也不能閉門造車,借鑒域外的經(jīng)驗(yàn)可以避免我國(guó)法律少走彎路,更好的規(guī)范我國(guó)社會(huì)出現(xiàn)的行為。其次,從對(duì)有影響力的人行賄罪的客體、客觀、主體、主觀四個(gè)方面著重分析該罪的構(gòu)成要件,明確該罪犯罪構(gòu)成的總體特征,為司法實(shí)踐提供保障。這是從司法實(shí)踐的角度入手,使得司法工作者在實(shí)踐中認(rèn)定具體的行為能夠有清晰的思維,分析行為的違法性和責(zé)任性,指導(dǎo)司法實(shí)踐活動(dòng)。再次,在司法實(shí)踐中,通過分析該罪的罪與非罪、此罪與彼罪之間界限、證據(jù)認(rèn)定難點(diǎn)問題,解決司法實(shí)踐中對(duì)該行為如何作為刑法評(píng)價(jià)對(duì)象的問題。最后,從該罪的犯罪形態(tài)入手,通過分析該罪的犯罪形態(tài)、罪數(shù)形態(tài)及共犯認(rèn)定,解決行為人承擔(dān)什么樣的責(zé)任問題。
[Abstract]:With the development of China's reform and opening up process, the main body of the market, in order to maximize their own interests in the market competition, take some illegal means to obtain the benefits. In the traditional cases of corruption, the main body of the market mostly uses the behavior of directly giving property or promising to give property to the state functionary, and the traditional theory of criminal law of our country also regulates this kind of direct bribery. However, with the development of economy and the deepening of the communication between people in the society, there exists the situation that the people around the state functionaries take advantage of the influence of the public officials to receive other people's property. There is no provision for this kind of behavior in the traditional criminal law of our country. This is also one of the manifestations of loopholes in our country's laws. In order to better regulate the behavior of citizens, in 2007, our country issued the Criminal Law Amendment (7) to formally punish the bribery of influence as a crime, which is also the gradual improvement of our country to regulate the crime of violating the interests of national law. With the change of social relations, in recent years, the main body of corruption cases has shown a tendency to expand to the side of state functionaries, that is, close relatives of state functionaries or other people with close ties. These subjects use this influence for the benefit of the briber. Before the promulgation of the Criminal Law Amendment (9), China's Criminal Law did not have corresponding legal provisions to regulate this kind of bribery of influential people, and this kind of behavior became an extra-legal space. This would not be able to protect the legal interests of our criminal law very well. To a certain extent, it may help to inflame such behavior. In order to standardize the new criminal behavior in modern society, the Criminal Law Amendment (9) published in 2015 regards bribery of influential people as the object of criminal law regulation. This article adopts the traditional analysis method, carries on the analysis to the constitution element of the crime stipulation, combs our country criminal law theory to carry on the analysis to the element of the crime constitution element at present, clarifies the concrete content of the essential factor. It also provides the theoretical basis for the application of the law of the Criminal Law Amendment (9). This paper begins with the significance of the behavior of the influential person as the norm of criminal law, analyzes and compares the legislative provisions of this kind of behavior outside the country and the current legislative situation of our country, and summarizes the enlightenment of the extraterritorial legal provisions to our country. Law is a summary of experience. The provisions of foreign countries on such acts can be used as a reference for our country to regulate such acts, and laws are a summary of human wisdom. Similarly, the laws and regulations of our country cannot be created behind closed doors. Drawing lessons from the experience of foreign countries, we can avoid the detours of our laws and better regulate the behavior of our society. Secondly, from the object, the objective, the subject, the subjective four aspects of the crime of bribery, focusing on the analysis of the elements of the crime, to clarify the overall characteristics of the crime of crime, to provide protection for judicial practice. This is from the perspective of judicial practice, so that the judicial workers in practice to identify specific acts can have a clear thinking, analysis of the illegality and responsibility of the behavior, guide judicial practice activities. Thirdly, in the judicial practice, through the analysis of the crime and non-crime, the boundary between the crime and the other crime, the difficult problem of evidence identification, solve the problem of how to evaluate the behavior as the object of criminal law in judicial practice. Finally, from the crime of the form of crime, through the analysis of the crime of the form of crime, the number of forms of crime and the identification of accomplices, to solve the problem of what kind of responsibility the perpetrator bears.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D924.392
本文編號(hào)：2254077
[Abstract]:With the development of China's reform and opening up process, the main body of the market, in order to maximize their own interests in the market competition, take some illegal means to obtain the benefits. In the traditional cases of corruption, the main body of the market mostly uses the behavior of directly giving property or promising to give property to the state functionary, and the traditional theory of criminal law of our country also regulates this kind of direct bribery. However, with the development of economy and the deepening of the communication between people in the society, there exists the situation that the people around the state functionaries take advantage of the influence of the public officials to receive other people's property. There is no provision for this kind of behavior in the traditional criminal law of our country. This is also one of the manifestations of loopholes in our country's laws. In order to better regulate the behavior of citizens, in 2007, our country issued the Criminal Law Amendment (7) to formally punish the bribery of influence as a crime, which is also the gradual improvement of our country to regulate the crime of violating the interests of national law. With the change of social relations, in recent years, the main body of corruption cases has shown a tendency to expand to the side of state functionaries, that is, close relatives of state functionaries or other people with close ties. These subjects use this influence for the benefit of the briber. Before the promulgation of the Criminal Law Amendment (9), China's Criminal Law did not have corresponding legal provisions to regulate this kind of bribery of influential people, and this kind of behavior became an extra-legal space. This would not be able to protect the legal interests of our criminal law very well. To a certain extent, it may help to inflame such behavior. In order to standardize the new criminal behavior in modern society, the Criminal Law Amendment (9) published in 2015 regards bribery of influential people as the object of criminal law regulation. This article adopts the traditional analysis method, carries on the analysis to the constitution element of the crime stipulation, combs our country criminal law theory to carry on the analysis to the element of the crime constitution element at present, clarifies the concrete content of the essential factor. It also provides the theoretical basis for the application of the law of the Criminal Law Amendment (9). This paper begins with the significance of the behavior of the influential person as the norm of criminal law, analyzes and compares the legislative provisions of this kind of behavior outside the country and the current legislative situation of our country, and summarizes the enlightenment of the extraterritorial legal provisions to our country. Law is a summary of experience. The provisions of foreign countries on such acts can be used as a reference for our country to regulate such acts, and laws are a summary of human wisdom. Similarly, the laws and regulations of our country cannot be created behind closed doors. Drawing lessons from the experience of foreign countries, we can avoid the detours of our laws and better regulate the behavior of our society. Secondly, from the object, the objective, the subject, the subjective four aspects of the crime of bribery, focusing on the analysis of the elements of the crime, to clarify the overall characteristics of the crime of crime, to provide protection for judicial practice. This is from the perspective of judicial practice, so that the judicial workers in practice to identify specific acts can have a clear thinking, analysis of the illegality and responsibility of the behavior, guide judicial practice activities. Thirdly, in the judicial practice, through the analysis of the crime and non-crime, the boundary between the crime and the other crime, the difficult problem of evidence identification, solve the problem of how to evaluate the behavior as the object of criminal law in judicial practice. Finally, from the crime of the form of crime, through the analysis of the crime of the form of crime, the number of forms of crime and the identification of accomplices, to solve the problem of what kind of responsibility the perpetrator bears.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D924.392
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