【摘要】：目前，毒品犯罪形勢(shì)愈加嚴(yán)峻，各國(guó)一直深受其肆虐的戕害。自20世紀(jì)末以來(lái)，毒品犯罪案件在我國(guó)頻頻高發(fā)，頗有愈演愈烈之勢(shì)�；诖耍罡呷嗣穹ㄔ�、最高人民檢察院以及公安部三大機(jī)關(guān)相繼出臺(tái)與頒布了一連串規(guī)范性文件來(lái)規(guī)制此類犯罪，對(duì)其在適用法律的過(guò)程中爭(zhēng)議較多的一些問(wèn)題做了原則性的闡述與說(shuō)明。然而，這并沒(méi)有從根本上解決問(wèn)題，隨著毒品犯罪形式的多樣化以及隱蔽化，加之新型毒品種類的不斷涌現(xiàn)，毒品犯罪案件在實(shí)踐中總是會(huì)存在這樣或者那讓的認(rèn)定困境，最終很難得出真正令人滿意的結(jié)果。本文從刑法理論中有關(guān)于毒品犯罪的基礎(chǔ)概念入手，運(yùn)用刑法解釋學(xué)的相關(guān)理論，結(jié)合現(xiàn)今司法實(shí)踐中所存在的嚴(yán)峻局面，展開(kāi)對(duì)于毒品犯罪若干爭(zhēng)議性問(wèn)題的綜合研究與分析。本文除引語(yǔ)外共計(jì)分為四大部分，全文大約三萬(wàn)字。 首先，對(duì)于毒品犯罪的基礎(chǔ)性理論進(jìn)行概述。從理論界學(xué)者對(duì)于毒品犯罪的不同界定以及其國(guó)際上的定義來(lái)看，毒品犯罪應(yīng)以事實(shí)上的概念為基礎(chǔ)，同時(shí)要反映出刑事犯罪的本質(zhì)特征即具備刑事違法性和應(yīng)受刑罰處罰性。以此為前提，在筆者看來(lái)，我國(guó)的毒品犯罪是指違反國(guó)家有關(guān)禁毒的管理法規(guī)，以相關(guān)毒品或者與毒品有關(guān)的人或財(cái)物為犯罪對(duì)象所從事的嚴(yán)重危害社會(huì)管理秩序和公民身心健康的，應(yīng)受刑罰處罰的行為，上述行為還包括但不限于與毒品有關(guān)的預(yù)備行為以及其他相關(guān)聯(lián)的危害行為。此外，本部分還就當(dāng)前毒品犯罪的總體特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了分析，為下文爭(zhēng)議問(wèn)題的提出做了鋪墊。 其次，詳細(xì)地闡述了如何分析與認(rèn)定毒品犯罪中行為人的主觀故意。毒品犯罪作為故意犯罪的一種，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)其主觀故意既包括直接故意也包含間接故意。具體而言，主要是指行為人對(duì)于其行為所針對(duì)的客體即毒品的明知，欠缺了這一要件，不具有成立本類罪的可能性。而對(duì)于毒品犯罪中行為人主觀故意的認(rèn)定，在司法實(shí)踐中還存在著很多的困境與疑點(diǎn)，本部分則從主觀故意的涵蓋范圍入手，通過(guò)對(duì)產(chǎn)生認(rèn)定難點(diǎn)的原因分析，同時(shí)運(yùn)用刑法解釋中文理解釋的方法，對(duì)于三大機(jī)關(guān)出臺(tái)的相關(guān)解釋性文件進(jìn)行解讀，從而歸納出認(rèn)定的技巧與路徑。 再次，明確了毒品數(shù)量對(duì)毒品犯罪定罪量刑的影響。涉案的毒品數(shù)量在毒品犯罪的定罪量刑中扮演著舉足輕重的角色。本部分以我國(guó)現(xiàn)行法律及相關(guān)司法解釋對(duì)于毒品數(shù)量的有關(guān)規(guī)定為基礎(chǔ)，進(jìn)而分析毒品數(shù)量對(duì)于毒品犯罪的影響，數(shù)量的多少究竟是罪與非罪的臨界點(diǎn)還是僅僅對(duì)量刑的幅度產(chǎn)生作用。最后是對(duì)于已經(jīng)確定數(shù)量的毒品是否有必要進(jìn)行純度的鑒定進(jìn)行分析，主要從三類比較特殊的案件類型入手，，同樣發(fā)現(xiàn)雖然純度無(wú)法對(duì)定罪產(chǎn)生影響，但是對(duì)于刑罰的輕重而言具有無(wú)法忽視的作用，其中需要對(duì)可能判處行為人死刑的情形更應(yīng)當(dāng)小心與謹(jǐn)慎，堅(jiān)決進(jìn)行純度的鑒定。 最后，比較分析了非法持有毒品罪的分析以及與運(yùn)輸毒品罪。非法持有毒品罪在處刑上雖然較輕，但其作為毒品犯罪的堵截性規(guī)定在我國(guó)打擊毒品犯罪的戰(zhàn)役中發(fā)揮著重大的作用。本部分首先從非法持有毒品罪的涵義入手，先理清本罪的涵蓋范圍與考察角度，再與理論界一直爭(zhēng)議比較多的運(yùn)輸毒品罪進(jìn)行辨析比較，從主觀與客觀同時(shí)出發(fā)，在辨析的過(guò)程中發(fā)現(xiàn)二者的不同之處，可以有效地提高司法機(jī)關(guān)禁毒工作的整體效率。
[Abstract]:Since the end of the 20th century, drug-related crimes have occurred frequently in China, and become more and more serious. Based on this, the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate and the Ministry of Public Security have issued a series of normative documents to regulate the situation. However, this does not fundamentally solve the problem. With the diversification and concealment of drug crime forms, coupled with the emergence of new types of drugs, drug crimes always exist in practice or This article starts with the basic concept of drug-related crimes in criminal law theory, applies the relevant theories of criminal law interpretation, and combines the severe situation in judicial practice to launch a comprehensive study and analysis of several controversial issues about drug-related crimes. In addition to the quotation, the text is divided into four parts, and the whole text is about thirty thousand words.
Firstly, the basic theory of drug-related crimes is summarized. From the different definitions of drug-related crimes and their international definitions, drug-related crimes should be based on the concept of fact, and reflect the essential characteristics of criminal crimes, that is, criminal illegality and punishment. In my opinion, drug-related crimes in China refer to acts that seriously endanger social management order and citizens'physical and mental health and are punishable in violation of the relevant national drug control regulations, and those who commit crimes against drugs or persons or property related to drugs. These acts also include, but are not limited to, pre-drug-related acts. In addition, this part also analyzes the general characteristics of current drug crimes, paving the way for the following controversial issues.
Secondly, it elaborates in detail how to analyze and identify the subjective intent of the perpetrator in drug-related crimes. As a kind of intentional crimes, drug-related crimes undoubtedly include both direct intent and indirect intent. There are still many difficulties and doubts in the judicial practice for the determination of the subjective intent of the perpetrator in drug crimes. This part starts with the scope of subjective intent, analyzes the reasons for the difficulties and uses the method of interpreting the criminal law in Chinese. This paper interprets the explanatory documents issued by the three major organs, and sums up the skills and paths of identification.
Thirdly, it clarifies the influence of the quantity of drugs on the conviction and sentencing of drug-related crimes. The quantity of drugs involved plays an important role in the conviction and sentencing of drug-related crimes. Finally, it analyzes whether it is necessary to appraise the purity of a certain number of drugs, mainly starting with three types of relatively special cases, and finds that although purity can not affect conviction, it has no effect on punishment. In terms of severity, it can not be neglected. It is necessary to be more cautious and prudent in judging the purity of the case in which the perpetrator may be sentenced to death.
Finally, the author compares and analyzes the analysis of the crime of illegal possession of drugs and the crime of transporting drugs. Although the crime of illegal possession of drugs is relatively light in punishment, it plays an important role in the campaign of combating drug crimes in our country as an interceptive regulation of drug crimes. From the angle of coverage and investigation, and comparing with the crime of transporting drugs which has been controversial in the theoretical circles, we can find the differences between them in the process of discrimination from both subjective and objective aspects, which can effectively improve the overall efficiency of drug control work of judicial organs.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D924.3

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