本文選題：妨害公務(wù)罪 + 暴力�。� 參考：《華東政法大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化的不斷發(fā)展，各種“矛盾”開始不斷顯現(xiàn)，其中一種較為特殊的矛盾，就產(chǎn)生于管理者與被管理者之間，亦即“官民”之間的矛盾，而妨害公務(wù)案件就是這種“官民”矛盾不斷升級(jí)、惡化的產(chǎn)物。我國《刑法》第277條對(duì)妨害公務(wù)罪進(jìn)行了規(guī)定，其中將妨害公務(wù)罪的犯罪對(duì)象進(jìn)行了列舉式的規(guī)定，并對(duì)妨害公務(wù)罪的行為方式進(jìn)行了較為抽象的規(guī)定，最后還規(guī)定了該罪的刑罰幅度。然而，實(shí)踐中對(duì)于妨害公務(wù)罪的認(rèn)定等問題卻存在著不少爭(zhēng)議，這直接導(dǎo)致了不同地域之間對(duì)于妨害公務(wù)案件的處理結(jié)果不一，各種不斷出現(xiàn)的新型妨害公務(wù)行為方式也給司法機(jī)關(guān)認(rèn)定案件性質(zhì)帶來難度。如何解決這些爭(zhēng)議問題并完善立法，便是本文的主要研究方向。 本文主要以實(shí)踐中妨害公務(wù)罪的行為方式、犯罪對(duì)象及公務(wù)行為認(rèn)定中存在的若干爭(zhēng)議問題為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，結(jié)合對(duì)域外相關(guān)立法的研究及部分實(shí)踐案例的剖析，對(duì)爭(zhēng)議問題進(jìn)行解析并提出立法完善方面的建議。文章一共分為五大章節(jié)。 第一章為概述部分，首先對(duì)妨害公務(wù)罪的犯罪構(gòu)成及立法沿革進(jìn)行介紹，揭示該條罪名在我國法制歷程中的發(fā)展和完善歷程。隨后，章節(jié)通過研究域外相關(guān)立法比較出我國立法中存在的問題，為后文的研究建立基礎(chǔ)。 第二章主要研究了妨害公務(wù)罪的行為方式，即“暴力、威脅”的具體內(nèi)容。首先章節(jié)對(duì)學(xué)界關(guān)于“暴力、威脅”內(nèi)涵、表現(xiàn)形式及限度的各種觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要介紹，然后通過結(jié)合我國的實(shí)際情況，對(duì)“暴力、威脅”的內(nèi)涵、表現(xiàn)形式及其限度進(jìn)行了分析，并對(duì)過限行為的認(rèn)定方式進(jìn)行了解析。最后，章節(jié)通過結(jié)合實(shí)踐中存在爭(zhēng)議的兩起案例，研究了以自殺相威脅和以多人圍困的行為方式進(jìn)行妨害公務(wù)時(shí)的定性問題，通過分析得出結(jié)論，對(duì)于以自殺相威脅的情況一般不應(yīng)認(rèn)定為妨害公務(wù)罪，而對(duì)于以多人圍困的行為只要達(dá)到足以阻礙公務(wù)行為執(zhí)行的結(jié)果，應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)定為妨害公務(wù)罪。 第三章主要針對(duì)妨害公務(wù)罪的犯罪對(duì)象進(jìn)行研究。實(shí)踐中，對(duì)于妨害公務(wù)罪的犯罪對(duì)象存在較多爭(zhēng)議，導(dǎo)致實(shí)踐辦案中存在同案不同判的情況產(chǎn)生，，地區(qū)之間案件的處理結(jié)果也千差萬別，直接影響了法律的公平、公正性。本章中，首先就妨害公務(wù)罪中最重要的一個(gè)犯罪對(duì)象——即國家機(jī)關(guān)工作人員的學(xué)說理論和實(shí)踐的具體認(rèn)定方式進(jìn)行研究，通過總結(jié)理論中的諸多學(xué)說、分析其中利弊，總結(jié)出了實(shí)踐中對(duì)作為妨害公務(wù)罪犯罪對(duì)象的國家機(jī)關(guān)工作人員的具體認(rèn)定方式。其次，章節(jié)也對(duì)實(shí)踐中存在爭(zhēng)議的事業(yè)編制人員、物及親友是否可成為犯罪對(duì)象進(jìn)行研究，通過結(jié)合對(duì)最高人民檢察院批復(fù)的解讀，得出前兩者可成為妨害公務(wù)罪犯罪對(duì)象，并通過理論分析，得出親友不可成為該罪犯罪對(duì)象的結(jié)論，解決了實(shí)踐中的爭(zhēng)議問題。 第四章主要針對(duì)妨害公務(wù)罪中的公務(wù)行為進(jìn)行研究。首先，章節(jié)就公務(wù)行為應(yīng)當(dāng)具備的合法性和適時(shí)性進(jìn)行研究，提出了適格的公務(wù)行為所應(yīng)當(dāng)具備的要件。同時(shí)，章節(jié)對(duì)實(shí)踐中存在爭(zhēng)議的兩個(gè)問題進(jìn)行了說明，即民警在非上班時(shí)間的執(zhí)法行為可否成為妨害公務(wù)罪中的“公務(wù)行為”以及執(zhí)法行為的瑕疵可否減免行為人責(zé)任兩個(gè)問題。通過對(duì)合法性、適時(shí)性的研究，得出只要符合法定實(shí)體和程序要件的公務(wù)行為，均可構(gòu)成妨害公務(wù)罪中的適格公務(wù)行為，因此民警在非上班時(shí)間的執(zhí)法行為，若實(shí)體、程序要件完備，同樣可構(gòu)成適格的公務(wù)行為，而執(zhí)法的瑕疵在一定程度上，若足以影響對(duì)該公務(wù)行為的合法性、適時(shí)性的判定，也理應(yīng)減免行為人的責(zé)任。 第五章在前文的研究基礎(chǔ)之上，從犯罪對(duì)象、行為方式等角度提出了對(duì)我國妨害公務(wù)罪立法完善的建議，以期為實(shí)踐辦案提供幫助。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of the social economy and culture, various "contradictions" have begun to emerge. One of the more special contradictions is caused by the contradiction between the manager and the managed, that is, the "official and the people", and the case of obstruction of public affairs is the product of the escalation and deterioration of the "official and the people". The 277th article of the criminal law in China The crime of harm to public affairs is stipulated, in which the criminal object of the crime of public affairs is enumerated, and the behavior mode of the crime of impeding public affairs is abstracted and the penalty range of the crime is specified. However, there are many disputes in the practice of the recognition of the crime of impeding public affairs. This leads to the direct result. It is the main research direction of this paper to solve the disputes and improve the legislation.
This article is mainly based on the practice in the practice of the crime of public affairs, the object of crime and the identification of public affairs of the existence of a number of controversial issues as the starting point, combined with the study of foreign related legislation and part of the practical case analysis, analysis of the dispute and put forward suggestions for legislative perfection. The article is divided into five chapters.
The first chapter is an overview of the part, first of all, to introduce the Constitution and legislative evolution of the crime of nuisance of public affairs, and to reveal the development and perfection of the crime in the course of our country's legal system. Then, the chapter compares the problems in our legislation by studying the relevant legislation in the foreign countries, and establishes the foundation for the later study.
The second chapter mainly studies the behavior mode of the crime of obstructing public affairs, that is the specific content of "violence, threat". The first chapter briefly introduces various views on the connotation, forms and limits of the "violence, threat", and then the connotation, form and limit of "violence, threat" by combining the actual situation of our country. The degree is analyzed, and the way of identifying the over limited behavior is analyzed. Finally, by combining two cases of dispute in practice, the chapter studies the qualitative problems of the threat of suicide and the way of impairing public affairs with many people besieged. Through the analysis, the conclusion is generally not necessary for the threat of suicide. It is considered that it is a crime of obstructing public business, and the act of besieging by many people should be regarded as a crime of obstructing public business as long as it achieves enough results to obstruct the execution of public affairs.
The third chapter mainly studies the crime object of the crime of impeding public affairs. In practice, there are many disputes about the crime object of the crime of obstruction of public affairs, which leads to the existence of the different cases of the same case in the practice case, and the result of the cases between the regions is different, which directly affects the fairness and impartiality of the law. The most important criminal object of the crime of public affairs is to study the theory and practice of the staff of the state organs. By summarizing the theories and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages, the specific ways of identifying the staff of the state organs who are the objects of the crime of nuisance of public affairs are summarized. Secondly, the chapter also studies whether the staff, objects and relatives can be the object of the crime in practice. Through the interpretation of the approval of the Supreme People's Procuratorate, the first two can be found to be the crime object of the crime of obstruction of public affairs. Through the theoretical analysis, the conclusion of the relatives and friends can not be the conclusion of the crime object. The issue of dispute in practice.
The fourth chapter mainly focuses on the study of public duty in the crime of obstructing public affairs. First, the chapter studies the legitimacy and the timely nature of the public affairs, and puts forward the necessary elements of the appropriate public affairs. At the same time, the chapter explains the two questions in the practice, that is, the civilian police in the non work time. Can the law enforcement act be the two issue of the liability for the liability of "public affairs" in the crime of public affairs and the defects of the law enforcement behavior. Through the study of the legitimacy and the timely nature of the law, it is concluded that as long as the official acts conform to the legal entity and the procedural requirements, it can constitute the appropriate public service in the crime of obstruction of public affairs, so the police are not The law enforcement action of working time, if the entity and the procedural elements are complete, can also form a suitable public official behavior, and the flaw in the law enforcement is to a certain extent, if it is enough to affect the legitimacy of the public affairs, and the decision of the timely nature should also reduce the responsibility of the perpetrator.
The fifth chapter, on the basis of the previous study, puts forward some suggestions on the legislation of the crime of impairing public affairs in our country from the angle of the object of crime and the way of behavior, in order to provide help for the practice of the case.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D924.3

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