沒收財產(chǎn)刑廢除研究
本文選題:沒收財產(chǎn)刑 + 刑罰 ; 參考:《西南政法大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文
【摘要】:隨著時代的發(fā)展和自身的缺陷,沒收財產(chǎn)刑的刑罰效果難以實現(xiàn),沒收財產(chǎn)刑的在司法實踐中的困境與其歷史命運相互作用。當前我國社會經(jīng)濟和法治快速發(fā)展的時代背景下,私權(quán)觀念日益深入人心,提出廢除沒收財產(chǎn)刑正當其時,既是正視現(xiàn)實存在的問題也是順應(yīng)刑罰現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展趨勢。本文從我國沒收財產(chǎn)刑的歷史及現(xiàn)狀分析入手,比較考察國外沒收財產(chǎn)刑歷史發(fā)展及相關(guān)改廢經(jīng)驗,對沒收財產(chǎn)刑的存廢之爭進行總結(jié)評析,反思沒收財產(chǎn)刑的正當性合理性,并進一步論證廢除沒收財產(chǎn)刑的原因,最后就相關(guān)制度提出配套完善建議。 全文分為四個部分: 第一部分:我國沒收財產(chǎn)刑的歷史沿革與現(xiàn)狀。首先介紹我國沒收財產(chǎn)刑產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展及演變的歷程,展現(xiàn)我國沒收財產(chǎn)刑的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)。然后分別簡要概述我國沒收財產(chǎn)刑立法現(xiàn)狀和司法現(xiàn)狀,并總結(jié)分析沒收財產(chǎn)刑靜態(tài)特點和動態(tài)問題。為下文比較分析以及進一步論證沒收財產(chǎn)刑的悖理性做鋪墊。 第二部分:國外沒收財產(chǎn)刑立法例及改廢經(jīng)驗考察。通過介紹國外沒收財產(chǎn)刑產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展和嬗變歷程,展現(xiàn)沒收財產(chǎn)刑的在國外的基本發(fā)展趨勢。然后對外國相關(guān)沒收財產(chǎn)刑立法現(xiàn)狀作一概述,指出當前在世界范圍內(nèi)除我國、朝鮮、蒙古、越南等社會主義國家外已屈指可數(shù),沒收財產(chǎn)刑歷史命運昭然若揭。在沒收財產(chǎn)刑存廢立場上,社會主義國家和資本主義國家的態(tài)度分歧,把我們的目光轉(zhuǎn)向了俄羅斯,通過考察俄羅斯從蘇聯(lián)時代各個時期到二十一世紀兩度刑法修改中沒收財產(chǎn)刑的立法背景和特點,分析總結(jié)俄羅斯沒收財產(chǎn)刑相關(guān)立法改廢經(jīng)驗,為我國沒收財產(chǎn)刑存廢問題提供重要的參考借鑒。 第三部分:沒收財產(chǎn)刑悖理性分析。此部分是本文重點所在,首先總結(jié)評述我國沒收財產(chǎn)刑存廢之爭,分別介紹主存論、主廢論和主改論三方的主要立場和觀點,然后就爭議的主要焦點問題進行評析,同時澄清存廢之爭中的幾個誤解,尤其是對沒收財產(chǎn)刑是否違憲問題做了澄清;然后分別以目的刑論和報應(yīng)刑論的觀點對沒收財產(chǎn)刑的正當性與必要性問題進行反思。接著分別從論證沒收財產(chǎn)刑與現(xiàn)代刑法的罪刑法定、刑法平等和罪刑均衡三大基本原則沖突,,分析沒收財產(chǎn)刑對財產(chǎn)權(quán)制度的沖擊與消極影響,評價沒收財產(chǎn)刑的司法困境與其命運相互作用,三個方面進一步探討沒收財產(chǎn)刑將被歷史淘汰的直接原因、社會原因和司法實踐原因。 第四部分:相關(guān)制度協(xié)調(diào)完善。沒收財產(chǎn)刑畢竟在刑罰體系占有一席之地,廢除后必然留下許多空白必須予以合理解決,需要對現(xiàn)行相關(guān)制度進行協(xié)調(diào),尤以罰金刑和特殊沒收制度必須進行配套修改。廢除沒收財產(chǎn)刑后,罰金刑將承擔(dān)更重要的任務(wù),對一些亟待完善的問題提出了意見;特別沒收制度的缺陷必須正視,尤其是缺少了沒收財產(chǎn)刑對特別沒收的扭曲功能即規(guī)避舉證財產(chǎn)非法性責(zé)任的功能,如何保障打擊犯罪所得力度與保障人權(quán)是特別沒收制度必須面臨的問題。
[Abstract]:With the development of the times and its own defects , the penalty effect of confiscation of property penalty is difficult to realize , and the predicament of confiscation of property penalty in judicial practice interacts with its historical fate .
The full text is divided into four parts :
The first part : The historical evolution and the present situation of the confiscation of property penalty in our country . Firstly , the author introduces the history of the confiscation of property penalty in our country , the development and the evolution of the property penalty , and shows the development of the confiscation of property penalty in our country . Then , it summarizes the present situation and the current situation of confiscation of property penalty legislation in our country , and summarizes the static characteristics and dynamic problems of the confiscation of property penalty .
In the second part , the author gives an overview of the status quo of the confiscation of property penalty in foreign countries , and points out that the historical fate of the confiscation of the property penalty in China , North Korea , Mongolia , Vietnam and other socialist countries has been revealed .
In the third part , the author summarizes the main positions and views of the three sides of confiscation of property in our country , and then makes a comment on the main focus of the dispute , and clarifies some misunderstandings in the dispute , especially whether the confiscation of property penalty is unconstitutional .
Then , the author reflects on the necessity and legitimacy of the penalty of confiscation of property with the view of the penalty theory and the theory of retribution . Then , the author analyzes the impact and negative influence of the penalty on property right system , analyzes the impact and negative influence of the property penalty on property rights system , evaluates the judicial dilemma of confiscation of property penalty and its fate , and further discusses the direct cause , social causes and judicial practice cause of confiscation of property penalty .
The fourth part : The related system is coordinated and perfected . After all , the penalty system occupies a place in the penalty system . After the abolition of the penalty , it is necessary to make a reasonable solution . It is necessary to coordinate the current relevant system , especially the fine penalty and special confiscation system . After the confiscation of the property penalty , the penalty will take more important tasks , and some suggestions are put forward for the problems that need to be perfect .
The shortcomings of the special confiscation system must be squarely faced , especially the lack of the function of the confiscation of property penalty to the special confiscation , namely , the evasion of the illegal responsibility of the proof property , how to guarantee the fight crime and guarantee the human rights are the problems which must be faced by the special confiscation system .
【學(xué)位授予單位】:西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2014
【分類號】:D924
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